arXiv:2607.08234cs.LGcs.AI2026-07

RhyMix通过自适应融合多节奏特征,实现长时序预测的高精度与低延迟。

RhyMix: A Lightweight Adaptive Multi-Rhythm Network for Long-Term Time Series Forecasting

论文配图:RhyMix: A Lightweight Adaptive Multi-Rhythm Network for Long-Term Time Series Forecasting
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 设计双路径并行架构,分别捕捉周期性与多尺度时序模式。
  • 在12个数据集上10个达顶尖性能,参数量仅4万,推理<5ms。
  • 适合边缘设备实时部署,自适应门控提升对复杂动态的响应能力。

真实世界时间序列具有多重共存的时间动态:短期波动、周期性季节变化、长期趋势及不规则突变。现有模型多采用单路径时序建模,如变换器虽能捕捉长程依赖但平滑局部变化,卷积网络擅长局部模式但感受野有限,线性模型高效却难以刻画非线性动态。为此,我们提出RhyMix(RHYthm MIXture),一种基于并行双路径建模与自适应门控机制的混合神经架构。RhyMix包含两个互补编码分支:(i) 周期路径通过可学习周期嵌入引入显式季节归纳偏置,捕捉可预测的节奏模式;(ii) 轻量级多尺度空洞卷积网络结合通道注意力(MSTCN-CA),利用多尺度深度空洞卷积捕捉不同感受野下的时序依赖。关键创新在于多层次自适应门控:路径门动态组合四个专用预测头(直接预测、趋势-季节分解、局部卷积、周期融合)于每样本每通道;混合门则根据输入特征自适应平衡周期路径与MSTCN-CA路径。该设计使模型在序列长度、通道数和预测跨度上保持线性复杂度,同时适应特定时序模式。在12个真实世界长时序预测数据集上的广泛实验表明,RhyMix在10个数据集上达到最先进性能。模型轻量(约40K参数),具备线性复杂度与低延迟推理(<5ms),适用于资源受限的边缘设备与实时部署。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Real-world time series exhibit complex dynamics characterized by multiple simultaneous temporal patterns: short-term fluctuations, periodic seasonal cycles, long-term trends, and irregular abrupt changes. However, many existing forecasting architectures rely on single-path temporal modeling--transformers capture long-range dependencies but smooth local variations, convolutions capture local patterns but have limited receptive fields, and linear models are efficient but cannot capture nonlinear dynamics. To address this, we introduce RhyMix (RHYthm MIXture), a hybrid neural architecture designed around a parallel dual-path modeling paradigm with adaptive gating mechanisms. RhyMix integrates two complementary encoding branches: (i) a Cyclic Path that incorporates explicit seasonal inductive bias through learnable cyclic embeddings, capturing predictable rhythmic patterns; and (ii) a lightweight Multi-Scale Temporal Convolutional Network with Channel Attention Path that employs multi-scale depthwise dilated convolutions to capture temporal dependencies across different receptive fields. A key innovation is the use of adaptive gating at multiple levels: a path gate dynamically combines four specialized forecasting heads (Direct, Trend-Seasonal Decomposition, Local Convolution, and Periodic Fusion) per sample and channel, while a hybrid gate adaptively balances the Cyclic and MSTCN-CA Paths based on input characteristics. This design ensures the model adapts to specific temporal patterns while maintaining linear complexity in sequence length, channels, and prediction horizon. Across extensive benchmarks on 12 real-world datasets for long-term forecasting, RhyMix achieves state-of-the-art performance on 10 of 12 datasets. The model remains lightweight (~40K params) with linear complexity and low-latency inference (<5ms),suitable for resource-constrained edge devices and real-time deployment.

时间序列长时预测轻量化自适应

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