arXiv:2607.08288cs.CRcs.AI2026-07中稿 · publication at the…

用AI把老旧文档转成合规报告,自动识别漏洞且结果可查证。

From Legacy Documentation to OSCAL: An MCP-Based Agent Pipeline for Threat-Informed Continuous Compliance in Critical Infrastructure

  • 基于MCP框架分阶段处理:先提取资产,再用权威威胁源验证。
  • 在水厂模拟中实现90%漏洞召回率和100%攻击路径召回率。
  • 适合需要持续合规的能源、水利等关键基础设施单位。

在关键基础设施中,运营技术环境通常无法主动扫描,但仍需反馈以评估风险和确保合规。本文提出一种非侵入式、基于MCP的多智能体流水线,将自然语言系统描述转化为来源可信的知识图谱和符合NIST OSCAL格式的审计就绪文档,实现持续自动化合规管理。该架构将大模型推理与确定性知识检索分离,避免虚构漏洞和编造攻击路径。在模拟水厂场景中,流水线达成0.90的CVE召回率和100%的D3FEND召回率,并生成符合Schema的OSCAL系统安全计划与安全评估报告。核心洞察在于,通过MCP并非完全消除错误,而是将错误集中于从自然语言中提取资产的第一阶段;单个实体误提取可能导致后续阶段出现真实但无关的CVE,虽耗时耗力,但其影响可被观测、验证,且因基础设施信息(如版本号、操作系统)通常已知,故适合高效人工复核。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

In critical infrastructure, operational technology environments often cannot be actively scanned, and yet active system feedback is needed for risk assessment and compliance. This paper presents a non-invasive, MCP-grounded multi-agent pipeline that converts natural-language system descriptions into source-verified knowledge graph and audit-ready artifacts in the NIST OSCAL format for continuous automated compliance management. The architecture decouples LLM-based reasoning from deterministic knowledge retrieval against authoritative threat-intelligence sources, reducing the risk of fabricated vulnerabilities and hallucinated attack paths. In an evidence-based synthetic scenario of a water utility, the pipeline achieves 0.90 CVE recall and perfect D3FEND recall. It generates a schema-valid OSCAL System Security Plan and an OSCAL Security Assessment Report. Nevertheless, the core insight is not that grounding via MCP eliminates errors (e.g., hallucinations) entirely from the pipeline, but that it shifts errors into the first phase of asset extraction from the natural language description. Here, a single incorrectly extracted entity can lead to genuine but irrelevant CVEs in subsequent stages of the pipeline, which consumes time and resources. However, it makes the remaining risk visible, verifiable, and suitable for a time-efficient manual review, since the infrastructure (e.g., version numbers, OS, etc.) is typically known.

合规管理AI安全知识图谱

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