arXiv:2607.08312cs.LG2026-07

语言输入会破坏世界模型的离散符号系统,新方法用三重机制防止崩溃并实现高精度语义绑定。

Write-Protected Discrete Bottlenecks for Language-Grounded World Models: A Structural Limitation and Sufficient Fix

  • 切断语言梯度路径,引入无参数记忆表进行语义关联
  • 在74次实验中零符号坍塌,语义绑定准确率达79-100%
  • 仅需少于200万参数,无需微调大模型

语言如何与世界模型的离散符号系统交互?主流方法(如RT-2、Octo、PaLM-E)将大模型特征端到端注入机器人世界模型,隐含假设语言梯度可直接塑造物理符号表示。本文质疑该假设的安全性,发现其不可靠,并揭示导致失败的结构性限制。任何语言梯度进入基于Gumbel-softmax的离散瓶颈都会引发结构权衡:原始估计器坍缩至2.2/64符号(4/5种子),五种抗坍塌策略虽保持多样性但无法学习语义标签(全部≤9.2%准确率)。所有测试的GumbelBottleneck变体均无法同时达成两项目标。我们提出三个充分约束:(1) 断开梯度链(z.detach()),阻止语言信号进入符号瓶颈;(2) 提供无梯度语义通道——非参数化记忆表(Dict[symbol → Counter[label]]),以共现计数替代梯度绑定;(3) 通过DP-Means流式聚类处理符号碰撞,自动分裂子簇。三者结合实现97.2%语义绑定准确率(无第3层时为22.2%)。在两个实验、74次独立运行中,32个种子均未出现符号坍塌,黑板架构在三种编码器(CNN、V-JEPA 300M、CLIP ViT-L)、两个环境、三种纹理条件下实现79-100%语义绑定。该方案训练参数少于200万,无需大模型微调。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

How should language interface with a world model's discrete symbol system? The dominant paradigm -- end-to-end injection of LLM/VLM features into robot world models (RT-2, Octo, PaLM-E) -- implicitly assumes that language gradients can directly shape physical symbol representations. We ask whether this assumption is safe, find that it is not, and characterize the minimal architectural constraint that prevents the failure. Any language gradient entering a Gumbel-softmax-based discrete symbol bottleneck forces a structural trade-off: the vanilla estimator collapses to 2.2/64 symbols (4/5 seeds), while five anti-collapse strategies maintain diversity but fail to learn semantic labels (all <= 9.2% accuracy). No tested GumbelBottleneck variant achieves both objectives simultaneously. Within this family of discrete bottlenecks, the failure is structural rather than a matter of optimization. We characterize a sufficient set of three constraints that prevent the failure: (1) cut the gradient chain (z.detach()), preventing language signals from reaching the symbol bottleneck; (2) provide a gradient-free semantic channel -- a non-parametric Memory Table (Dict[symbol -> Counter[label]], zero parameters, zero gradients) where co-occurrence counting replaces gradient-based binding; (3) handle symbol collisions via DP-Means streaming clustering for automatic sub-cluster splitting. All three layers together achieve 97.2% grounding accuracy vs. 22.2% without Layer 3. Across two experiments spanning 74 independent runs, we demonstrate zero symbol collapse in all 32 seeds, with the blackboard achieving 79-100% semantic binding across three encoder architectures (CNN, V-JEPA 300M, CLIP ViT-L), two environments, and three texture conditions. The fix trains fewer than 2M parameters and requires no LLM fine-tuning.

世界模型符号系统语义绑定神经符号

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