arXiv:2607.08354cs.RO2026-07被引 1

从少量示范中自动挖掘可复用技能,让机械臂快速适应新任务。

SkillPlug: Unsupervised Skill Mining for Few-Shot Adaptation in Robotic Manipulation

论文配图:SkillPlug: Unsupervised Skill Mining for Few-Shot Adaptation in Robotic Manipulation
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 通过自监督学习从多任务数据中提取紧凑可复用的行为原语
  • 在真实机器人上实现仅需数次示范即完成高效任务适配
  • 适合需要快速迁移的机器人操控场景,尤其适用于数据稀缺环境

学习可在多种操作任务间泛化的视觉-运动模仿策略,并能仅凭少量示范快速适应新任务,仍是挑战。现有策略通常端到端训练,直接将观测映射为低层动作,缺乏显式结构以重用和组合行为,导致在有限监督下迁移效率低下。我们提出SkillPlug,一种插件式框架,在现有视觉-运动策略上增加技能条件模块,从原始多任务示范中挖掘共享的可迁移技能库。SkillPlug通过自监督目标学习技能,促进紧凑、可复用且非冗余的行为原语,形成任务共享的组合控制先验。技能挖掘后,固定已学技能,仅微调轻量级路由模块和动作头,即可实现无需全端到端重训练的高效适配。我们在两个仿真基准和一台真实机器人上评估,结果表明所挖掘的可迁移技能持续提升多任务表现与少样本适应能力。总体而言,SkillPlug提供了一种可扩展的可复用技能挖掘方式,显著提升机器人操作中的数据高效泛化能力。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Learning transferable visuomotor imitation policies that generalize across diverse manipulation tasks and adapt rapidly to new tasks from only a handful of demonstrations remains challenging. Most modern policies are trained end-to-end to map observations directly to low-level actions, offering little explicit structure for reusing and recombining behaviors across tasks and making transfer data-inefficient under limited supervision. We propose SkillPlug, a plug-in framework that augments an existing visuomotor policy with a skill-conditioning module and mines a shared, transferable skill library from raw multi-task demonstrations. SkillPlug learns skills via self-supervised objectives that promote compact, reusable, and non-redundant behavior-level primitives, forming a task-shared prior for compositional control. After skill mining, we keep the learned skills fixed and specialize to unseen tasks by fine-tuning only lightweight router and action head, enabling efficient adaptation without full end-to-end retraining. We evaluate SkillPlug on two simulation benchmarks and on a real robot, and observe that the mined transferable skills consistently improve both multi-task performance and few-shot adaptation. Overall, SkillPlug offers a scalable way to mine reusable skills that improve data-efficient generalization in robotic manipulation.

机器人操控少样本学习技能挖掘自监督

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