arXiv:2607.08379cs.CVeess.IV2026-07

对比13种对称性评分方法,发现经典特征与深度模型表现接近,但经典方法更快。

Classical Versus Deep Mirror-Symmetry Scoring: A Benchmark of Thirteen Methods

论文配图:Classical Versus Deep Mirror-Symmetry Scoring: A Benchmark of Thirteen Methods
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 比较13种对称性评分方法,涵盖经典特征与冻结深度特征
  • 深度模型在单轴和复杂多轴任务中表现最优,但差距微小且不显著
  • 经典HOG特征比最优深度模型慢300倍,但速度极快且性能接近

量化图像关于给定轴的镜像对称性是视觉美学与医学成像等应用的基础,但现有评分方法从未在统一、统计严谨的协议下进行过系统比较。本文基准测试了13种方法(9种来自文献,4种新提出),覆盖从经典特征到冻结深度特征,基于四个单轴和五个多轴数据集,在反射精确协议下进行零机会锚定、显著性检验的判别能力评估。结果表明:深度主干网络在单轴及更难的多轴任务中表现最佳;然而,经典梯度方向直方图(HOG)描述符仅以微小但显著的差距落后于最优冻结网络输出,且与次优的CNN滤波器测量法无统计差异,同时在CPU上运行速度快约300倍。分析显示判别力集中于中尺度方向特征,深度模型在低或中期层达到峰值,而HOG在中等单元大小时表现最佳。因此,现有方法中,冻结深度特征对称性测量的增益有限;任务训练的深度评分器能否进一步提升仍待探索。代码与工具包imgsym已开源。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Quantifying how mirror-symmetric an image is about a given axis (symmetry scoring) underpins applications from visual aesthetics to medical imaging, yet proposed scoring methods have never been compared on a common, statistically grounded protocol. We benchmark 13 scoring methods (9 collected from the literature; 4 introduced here) spanning from classical features to frozen deep features, across four single-axis and five multi-axis datasets under a reflection-exact protocol with a chance-anchored, significance-tested discrimination skill. Deep backbones perform best on single-axis and harder multi-axis protocols. However, a classical histogram-of-oriented-gradients (HOG) descriptor trails the best frozen-network readout by a small (but significant) margin, is not statistically separable from the runner-up (a CNN-filter measure), and runs $\sim$300$\times$ faster on CPU. Our results show that discrimination concentrates in mid-scale oriented features, where deep backbones peak at a low or mid stage, and HOG peaks at a mid cell size. Among existing methods, frozen deep features thus offer little over a tuned classical descriptor for measuring symmetry; whether task-trained deep scorers can do better remains open. We release the scorers and harness, in imgsym, an open toolkit for image symmetry detection and measurement.

对称性评分深度学习特征提取图像评估

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