通过阻抗引导设计,实现软元材料的可编程局部形变传输。
Impedance-Guided Programmable Transmission of Localized Deformation in Modular Soft Metamaterials
- 基于位置相关相互作用的非线性模型,优化单元拓扑控制形变传递。
- 实现异质与同质组装体的高效形变传输,支持长程可控响应。
- 适用于柔性机器人、可穿戴传感和嵌入式信息处理系统。
软超材料为机器人、生物医疗设备和柔性电子提供了有前景的平台。非均匀激励下的局部机械响应在软材料中普遍存在,但其在组件间的可控传递在超材料设计中长期被忽视,严重限制了端到端及远距离形变传递的非平凡功能实现。本文提出一种阻抗引导的设计框架,可在模块化软超材料中实现局部形变的可编程传输,达成直观设计无法实现的行为。通过构建考虑位置依赖相互作用的非线性模型,并将机械阻抗概念融入超材料体系,仅通过单元结构拓扑优化即可调控整体传输特性。该框架实现了模块族的有效合成,使均质与异质组装体均可定制构建,显著提升传输性能。借助高度组合且可扩展的设计空间,我们物理实现多种按需位移操控结构,包括绕障模块化软超材料组装体、容错软夹持装置以及实体信号处理系统。除形变编程外,这些软模块的可重构性与可重装性还可嵌入电逻辑信号,通过柔性开关控制的机械发光二极管显示和可穿戴手指运动传感控制器,实现低功耗、低延迟的信息处理。本方法为模块化软超材料中的局部形变传输提供了基础洞见,建立了一条面向嵌入式智能材料系统的可扩展路径,尤其适用于以软超材料为核心的驱动、传感与集体计算系统。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Soft metamaterials provide a promising platform for robotics, biomedical devices, and flexible electronics. The localized mechanical responses by nonuniform excitation are ubiquitous in soft materials, yet their controlled transmission across assemblies remains largely overlooked in metamaterial design, which critically constrains nontrivial functionalities with end-to-end and long-range deformation transmission. Here, we introduce an impedance-guided design framework that enables programmable transmission of localized deformation in modular soft metamaterials, achieving behaviors unattainable by intuitive design. By establishing a nonlinear model considering position-dependent interactions and integrating the concept of mechanical impedance within metamaterials, we regulate assembly-level transmission solely through unit-cell topology optimization. The resulting framework enables effective synthesis of module families, allowing both homogeneous and heterogeneous assemblies to be custom-built with markedly enhanced transmission characteristics. Leveraging the highly combinatorial and extensible design space, we physically realize diverse on-demand displacement manipulation architectures, including obstacle-bypassing modular soft-metamaterial assemblies, defect-tolerant soft gripping, and embodied signal processing. Beyond deformation programming, the reconfigurability and reassemblability of these soft modules can embed electric logic signals, enabling energy-efficient and low-latency information processing through compliant-switch-controlled mechanical LED displays and wearable finger-motion-sensing controllers. Our method provides fundamental insights into localized deformation transmission in modular soft metamaterials and establishes a scalable route toward embodied-intelligence material systems, particularly for soft-metamaterial-centric actuation, sensing, and collective computing.
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