自动构建高效异构视觉语言模型,兼顾性能与推理速度。
MOSAIC: Adaptive Inter-layer Composition for Efficient Heterogeneous Vision-Language Models

- 基于多目标优化搜索,自动组合不同效率机制。
- 性能持平基准,训练成本不足2%。
- 适合追求低开销高效率部署的开发者。
视觉语言模型(VLMs)通常使用同质Transformer处理多媒体数据。近期研究发现,将线性注意力等高效机制嵌入异构结构中,可同时提升性能和推理延迟。然而,现有方法依赖人工设计的静态混合模式,难以适配特定硬件。为此,我们提出多目标自适应层间组合搜索方法MOSAIC,可将同质模型自动转换为优化的异构架构。MOSAIC整合线性、稀疏、低秩等多种效率机制,构建统一搜索空间,并将选择问题建模为多目标混合整数规划(MIP),在严格硬件延迟约束下最大化下游性能。为缓解结构转换带来的性能下降,引入两阶段参数恢复:先通过全局离策略蒸馏稳定内部表示,再结合235B专家模型与原始4B教师模型进行双教师在线策略蒸馏,实现知识扩展与分布稳定性。基于Qwen3-VL-4B-Instruct构建的MOSAIC-4B验证结果表明,其性能与基线相当,但训练成本低于2%,推理效率显著提升:预填充速度提高1.76倍,解码速度提升2.54倍。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have achieved success using homogeneous Transformers to process multimedia data. Recent studies show that heterogeneous structures interleaving efficient mechanisms, like linear attention, improve both performance and inference latency over homogeneous designs. However, these efforts rely on handcrafted static mixing patterns, which are sub-optimal and difficult to adapt to specific hardware. To bridge this gap, we propose Multi-Objective Search for Adaptive Inter-layer Composition (MOSAIC), a hardware-aware search method that automatically transforms homogeneous models into optimized heterogeneous architectures. MOSAIC integrates diverse efficiency mechanisms--including linear, sparse, and low-rank operators--into a unified search space. By formulating the selection as a multi-objective Mixed Integer Programming (MIP) problem, our method identifies optimal configurations that maximize downstream performance under strict hardware latency constraints. To mitigate performance degradation from structural transitions, we introduce a two-stage parameter recovery process: global off-policy distillation to stabilize internal representations, followed by a dual-teacher on-policy distillation leveraging a 235B oracle for knowledge expansion and the original 4B teacher for distributional stability. We validate MOSAIC through MOSAIC-4B, derived from Qwen3-VL-4B-Instruct. Results demonstrate that MOSAIC-4B matches the baseline's performance across multiple benchmarks while requiring less than 2% of the original training cost. Furthermore, it substantially improves inference efficiency, achieving 1.76x prefilling and 2.54x decoding speedups.
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