arXiv:2607.09090cs.LG2026-07KDD

提出可实时优化的乘车匹配延迟控制框架,提升乘客司机体验。

EXHOLD: Experience-Aware Real-Time Hold Control for Large-Scale Ride-Hailing Matching at DiDi

论文配图:EXHOLD: Experience-Aware Real-Time Hold Control for Large-Scale Ride-Hailing Matching at DiDi
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 分两阶段设计:先评估匹配对体验等级,再优化延迟时间
  • 实测提升订单完成率,降低乘客取消率,增加司机收入
  • 适合大规模网约车平台优化匹配体验,支持动态环境

在大规模网约车系统中,持留控制是改善乘客与司机体验的关键机制。通过有选择地延迟部分司机-订单配对,系统等待更优机会,减少取消率并降低司机无效奔波。然而现有工业级持留策略多依赖多个预测模型的启发式阈值,面对非平稳交通时易失效,且难以兼顾多目标体验信号。本文提出EXHOLD,一个可部署的两阶段框架,将体验感知的配对评估与持留时间执行解耦。第一阶段学习一个决策模型,基于统一目标将每个司机-订单对分配至离散、可解释的体验层级;第二阶段通过约束优化求解单调持留时间调度,基于经验分位数,明确保障服务底线,避免过度持留高潜力匹配,同时最大化整体体验提升。我们在DiDi巴西生产系统中开展随机A/B实验,结果表明:EXHOLD显著提升市场效率与用户体验——订单完成率提高,司机收入增加,乘客取消率显著下降,匹配漏斗效率优化。消融与行为分析证实两阶段均不可或缺,策略能适应时空异质性做出校准决策。EXHOLD已上线,服务巴西生产流量。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

In large-scale ride-hailing, hold control is a critical mechanism for improving passenger-driver experience. By selectively delaying certain driver-order pairs, the system waits for better opportunities, reduces cancellations, and mitigates wasted driver effort. However, existing industrial hold strategies often rely on heuristic thresholding over multiple predictive models, which can be brittle under non-stationary traffic and hard to optimize for multi-objective experience signals. We propose EXHOLD, a deployable two-stage framework decoupling experience-aware pair assessment from hold-time execution. In Stage I, we learn a decision model assigning each driver-order pair to discrete, interpretable experience tiers by optimizing a unified objective that aggregates satisfaction signals across the matching funnel. In Stage II, we solve for a monotone hold-time schedule via constrained optimization over empirical quantiles. This explicitly enforces service guardrails bounding the unnecessary holding of promising matches while maximizing overall experience improvement. We evaluate EXHOLD through randomized A/B experiments in DiDi's production system in Brazil. Results show consistent gains in marketplace efficiency and experience: EXHOLD increases trip completion and driver income, significantly reduces passenger cancellations, and improves funnel efficiency. Ablations and behavioral analyses confirm both stages are essential and that the policy makes calibrated decisions under spatiotemporal heterogeneity. EXHOLD is currently deployed, serving production traffic in Brazil.

网约车匹配优化实时控制

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