arXiv:2607.09705cs.OHcs.AI2026-07

模型坍缩是自指生成导致性能下降的恶性循环,也带来新艺术可能。

Model Collapse: On Recursion, Noise, and Uncharted Machine Visions

  • 用媒体考古视角分析自指训练中的递归现象
  • 指出模型坍缩引发噪声与意义流失,但具艺术潜能
  • 适合关注AI创作、美学与系统风险的研究者

自2023年以来,计算机科学家警告模型坍缩——训练数据被AI生成内容污染,导致模型性能逐步退化。这种由正反馈驱动的失效现象表现为词语重复或像素噪声,最终使信息丧失意义与连贯性,至少从工程角度看如此。但从创造性角度,坍缩不仅是崩溃,更像一面递归镜像,回溯早期模拟视频反馈实验,重新提出当系统内视自身时会发生什么。此时所谓机器视觉不再传递外部世界(如电视),而是日益从内部生成世界。本文结合媒体考古学,通过历史视频合成技术与当代艺术中机器学习的案例研究,探讨递归训练揭示的AI生成数据依赖性问题。论文认为,坍缩的潜在影响挑战了超人类主义理想,同时呼唤一种审美视角,将噪声与递归视为理解艺术创作与AI生态的关键概念。当前生态系统仍依赖人类生成的新内容,尤其在以海量数据训练的基础模型中。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Since 2023, computer scientists have warned against model collapse -- the contamination of training sets with AI-generated outputs that progressively degrade model performance. Exemplifying a positive-feedback-driven failure, it produces effects such as word repetition or pixel noise, ultimately leading to a loss of meaning and coherence -- at least from an engineering standpoint. From a creative one, however, collapse is not merely a breakdown: it also functions as a recursive mirror that recalls early analog video feedback experiments, raising once again the question of what happens when a system turns inward and sees itself. In such cases, so-called machine vision no longer transmits the world (as in tele-vision) but increasingly generates worlds from within. Drawing on media archaeology through case studies of both historical video synthesis techniques and contemporary artistic uses of machine learning, this paper examines what recursive training reveals about the dependent nature of AI-generated data. It argues that the potential effects of collapse challenge transhumanist ideals while inviting an aesthetic perspective, positioning noise and recursion as key concepts for understanding both artmaking and the AI ecosystem. Distributing agency across scales and networks, the latter currently remains reliant on new human-produced content, particularly within foundation models trained on massive datasets.

模型坍缩递归生成艺术与AI媒体考古

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