63项研究发现，机器人常误把群体当个体，忽视社交结构。
The Individual-Targeting Assumption: A Systematic Review of Proactive Robots in Human Group Settings
- 机器人普遍将群体成员当作独立目标互动
- 60.3%的研究存在此问题，且多在交互中才考虑群体
- 适合关注人机协作中社交智能的学者与设计师
主动型机器人越来越多地出现在人群环境中，而人们通常以社会群体形式出现。然而，当前主动人机交互（HRI）设计范式是否考虑了定义群体的社会关系结构，仍缺乏系统考察。通过对2000至2025年间63项群体场景下的主动HRI研究进行系统综述，我们识别出一种普遍存在的倾向：个体目标假设（Individual-Targeting Assumption, ITA），即机器人将共处者视为独立互动对象。结果显示，ITA存在于60.3%的研究中，而真正具备群体意识的方法几乎均在机器人已嵌入正在进行的互动后才出现。关键问题是，机器人如何在接触前检测并协商进入一个既定群体，这一环节在整个文献中均未被解决。三种典型失败模式——互动误判、社交认可盲视、旁观者忽略——反复出现。这些发现表明，群体中的主动交互不应被视为双人交互的延伸，而是一个本质不同的设计挑战，尤其机器人进入群体阶段的策略是亟待深入研究的关键问题。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Proactive robots are increasingly deployed in public environments where people are encountered not as isolated individuals but as members of cohesive social groups. Yet whether the prevailing design paradigm in proactive human-robot interaction (HRI) accounts for the relational structure that defines a group as a social unit remains largely unexamined. Through a systematic review of 63 proactive HRI studies in group settings from 2000 to 2025, we identify a recurring tendency, the Individual-Targeting Assumption (ITA), in which robots treat co-present people as independent engagement targets. We find that ITA is present in 60.3% of the corpus, with group-aware approaches emerging almost entirely after the robot is already embedded in an ongoing interaction. Critically, how a robot should detect and negotiate entry into a pre-formed group before initiating contact remains unaddressed across the corpus. Three failure modes, engagement misdetection, social ratification blindness, and bystander neglect, emerge as recurring patterns when proactive robots interact with human groups. These findings reframe proactive HRI in group settings not as an extension of dyadic interaction but as a qualitatively distinct design problem, and they identify the robot's approach to the group during the entry phase as a critical and understudied open challenge.
Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品；中文卡片由大模型生成，请以原文为准。