无需心电图的实时冠脉导航,靠大模型自动匹配心跳和追踪导管。
A Unified Model for Highly Accurate ECG-Free Dynamic Coronary Roadmapping Using Spatio-Temporal Transformers

- 用1600万帧影像预训练时空模型,自动学习心脏运动规律。
- 在临床数据上实现低时序错位,相位匹配误差小且可实时运行。
- 无需大量标注,通过辅助任务提升精度,适合临床部署。
经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)是一种微创手术,用于疏通因动脉粥样硬化斑块阻塞的冠状动脉。术中需反复注射含碘对比剂以可视化血管并引导器械,但频繁使用会增加辐射暴露和造影剂肾病风险,尤其在肾功能不全患者中急性肾损伤发生率高达30%。动态冠脉导航(DRM)通过将预先计算的血管地图叠加到实时透视图像上并持续更新,降低对比剂用量。准确的DRM依赖于造影与透视间精确的心动周期匹配,以及可靠的导管尖端追踪以补偿运动。这些任务在无心电图信号且仅有少量人工标注的情况下尤为困难。本文提出一种统一的DRM框架,同时完成心动周期匹配与导管尖端追踪,实现精准实时引导。方法采用基于1600万帧X射线图像预训练的大规模时空编码器,学习心脏运动动态。据我们所知,这是首个将大规模时空预训练应用于DRM运动补偿的研究。此外,引入基于心电图R波检测和导管尖端追踪的辅助任务,提升优化效果,同时避免对大量导管掩码标注的依赖。最后,采用多数投票后处理策略聚合时间预测,增强鲁棒性,并输出与相位匹配误差相关的置信度分数。在临床X射线数据集上的综合评估表明,该方法达到当前最优性能,具备低时序错位和鲁棒的相位匹配精度,适用于实时DRM。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) is a minimally invasive procedure used to restore coronary blood flow obstructed by atherosclerotic plaque. During PCI, repeated injections of iodine-based contrast agents are required to visualize the coronary arteries and guide interventional devices. However, frequent contrast injections increase radiation exposure and the risk of contrast-induced nephropathy, with acute kidney injury reported in up to 30% of patients with renal impairment. Dynamic Coronary Roadmapping (DRM) reduces these risks by overlaying a precomputed angiographic vessel map onto live fluoroscopy and continuously updating it throughout the procedure. Accurate DRM relies on precise cardiac phase matching between angiography and fluoroscopy, together with reliable catheter tip tracking for motion compensation. These tasks remain challenging in ECG-free settings and when only limited manual annotations are available. We present a unified DRM framework that simultaneously performs cardiac phase matching and catheter tip tracking for accurate real-time guidance. Our method employs a large-scale spatio-temporal encoder pretrained on 16 million X-ray frames to learn cardiac motion dynamics. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first application of large-scale spatio-temporal pretraining for motion compensation in DRM. We further introduce auxiliary tasks based on ECG R-peak detection and catheter tip tracking, improving optimization while eliminating the need for extensive catheter mask annotations. Finally, a majority-voting postprocessing strategy aggregates temporal predictions, improving robustness and providing a confidence score that correlates with phase-matching error. Comprehensive evaluation on clinical X-ray datasets demonstrates state-of-the-art performance, achieving low temporal misalignment and robust phase-matching accuracy suitable for real-time DRM.
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