arXiv:2607.09816cs.LG2026-07被引 1

解决少数类样本生成质量差问题,提升欺诈检测等场景的分类性能。

RUBRIC: Realism--Utility Balanced Ranking for Imbalanced Classification

论文配图:RUBRIC: Realism--Utility Balanced Ranking for Imbalanced Classification
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 用真实度与实用度权衡筛选高质量合成样本,避免低质数据干扰决策边界。
  • 在信用卡欺诈等数据集上,F1宏值和召回率显著提升,同时保持高AUC表现。
  • 适用于对少数类敏感的场景,如医疗诊断、金融风控,尤其适合需要高召回的系统。

类别不平衡在欺诈检测和医学诊断等风险敏感应用中构成根本挑战,少数类样本稀少却至关重要。现有过采样方法生成大量合成样本以平衡类别分布,但常产生大量低质量候选样本,扭曲决策边界或引入伪影,导致过拟合和泛化能力下降。本文提出RUBRIC,一种无需依赖生成器的过滤框架,将合成样本选择建模为质量优先的优化问题。RUBRIC通过真实度-效用权衡对候选样本进行排序:真实度由学习到的判别器衡量,用于区分真实样本与合成样本;效用则通过凹边际评分函数捕捉样本接近决策边界的程度。我们证明,在弱正则条件下,该过滤策略能单调收紧基于边际的分类器的泛化界,同时降低分布偏移并抑制近负样本尾部贡献。在信用卡欺诈检测及其他不平衡基准上的大量实验表明,RUBRIC在多个生成器下均提升了F1-macro和召回率,且保持相当的ROC-AUC。我们还提供了显式的lambda敏感性分析,展示如何在优先考虑生成质量时恢复AUPRC。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Class imbalance poses a fundamental challenge in risk-sensitive applications such as fraud detection and medical diagnosis, where minority-class samples are scarce yet critical for accurate classification. Existing oversampling methods generate synthetic samples to rebalance class distributions; however, they often produce large numbers of low-quality candidates that distort decision boundaries or introduce artifacts, leading to overfitting and degraded generalization. In this work, we introduce RUBRIC, a generator-agnostic filtering framework that formulates synthetic sample selection as a quality-over-quantity optimization problem. RUBRIC ranks candidates using a realism-utility trade-off: realism is quantified by a learned discriminator that distinguishes real samples from synthetic samples, while utility captures proximity to the decision boundary through a concave margin-based scoring function. We show that, under mild regularity conditions, the proposed filtering strategy monotonically tightens the generalization bound for margin-based classifiers by jointly reducing distribution shift and suppressing near-negative tail contributions. Through extensive experiments on credit-card fraud detection and other imbalanced benchmarks, we demonstrate that RUBRIC improves F1-macro and recall while maintaining comparable ROC-AUC across several generators. We also provide explicit lambda-sensitivity analysis to show how users can recover AUPRC when ranking quality is prioritized.

类别不平衡生成模型欺诈检测评估指标

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