多机器人探索时,用感知意识保安全,避免盲区撞障碍。
SEAMLiS: Visibility-Aware Safety for Perception-Limited Multi-Robot Exploration

- 在执行层加入感知意识的转向与位置过滤器
- 实测单/多机均零碰撞,且保持高可见性控制效率
- 适合需要实时安全探索的无人机或移动机器人系统
未知环境中自主探索通常依赖信息前沿、视角或轨迹规划,而局部安全控制器则基于当前地图避障。在有限感知范围和视场条件下,这种分离可能导致安全隐患:探索策略可能乐观地规划穿越未观测区域,并优先追求信息增益而非运动方向,导致隐藏障碍物被发现过晚,无法在有限作动下及时规避。本文提出SEAMLiS(受限感知下的自主多机器人探索安全框架),一种模块化执行层安全机制,保留上游探索栈(包括目标分配器和局部规划器),通过感知意识的姿态与位置滤波器实现安全控制。基于门控的姿态滤波器在促进可视性的航向策略与速度跟踪备份策略间切换,确保关键已知自由/未知边界具有足够的制动裕度。基于控制屏障函数(CBF)的位置滤波器进一步避免已知障碍物、新检测障碍物及其他机器人。我们提供了充分的避碰条件,并在随机仿真、Isaac Sim及Crazyflie硬件实验中验证了该框架。结果表明,在测试的单机与多机场景中均可实现无碰撞探索,同时保留了大部分可视性优化航向控制的效率。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Autonomous exploration in unknown environments is typically driven by informative frontiers, viewpoints, or trajectories, while local safety controllers avoid obstacles represented in the current map. Under finite sensing range and limited field of view, this separation can be unsafe: an exploration stack may plan optimistically through unobserved space and steer the sensor toward information gain rather than along the direction of motion, causing hidden obstacles to be detected too late for bounded-actuation avoidance. This paper presents SEAMLiS (Safe Exploration for Autonomous Multi-Robot Systems Under Limited Sensing), a modular execution-layer safety framework for decentralized multi-robot exploration. SEAMLiS preserves the upstream exploration stack, including the goal allocator and local planner, and enforces safety at the execution layer through perception-aware attitude and positional filters. A gatekeeper-based attitude filter switches between a visibility-promoting yaw policy and a velocity-tracking backup policy to preserve visibility of the critical known-free/unknown boundary with sufficient braking margin. A Control Barrier Function (CBF)-based positional filter then avoids known obstacles, newly detected obstacles, and other robots. We provide sufficient collision-avoidance conditions and validate the framework in randomized simulation, Isaac Sim, and Crazyflie hardware experiments. Results show collision-free exploration across tested single- and multi-robot settings while retaining much of the efficiency of visibility-promoting yaw control.
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