不同颜色类别命名稳定性差异大，绿最稳定，黄最易变。
Not All Color Categories Are Equally Stable: A Multilingual Free Color Naming Experiment
- 跨语言自由命名实验，测试红黄绿在18种色样上的命名一致性。
- 绿名一致率最高，黄名多样性最强，红居中，与明度饱和度变化相关。
- 结果提示颜色分类存在感知区差异，适用于色彩模型设计。
颜色命名是人类色彩感知的重要组成部分，其任务是将连续的色彩用离散的颜色类别进行描述。然而，颜色类别的边界往往模糊不清，某些颜色在不同明度和饱和度下可能被不同地感知。本研究通过自由颜色命名实验，考察了红、黄、绿三类颜色名称在跨语言情境下的命名一致性。从COLIBRI数据集中选取18个代表不同色调的色样，92名参与者以哈萨克语、俄语或英语自由命名。结果显示，绿色在不同外观变化下仍被稳定称为“green”，而黄色则常被命名为“gold”或“brown”等，命名多样性显著；红色命名一致性处于中等水平。研究表明，部分颜色类别占据更广的感知区域，对视觉变化更具鲁棒性。该发现有助于构建更符合人类感知的色彩模型与命名系统。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Color naming is an important part of human color perception. Its task is to allow people to describe continuous colors using discrete color categories. However, the boundaries between color categories are often unclear, and some colors may be perceived differently depending on their saturation and brightness. While certain color categories remain recognizable across a wide range of shades, others may be associated with different color names when their appearance changes. This study investigates the consistency of color naming for red, yellow, and green color categories using a free color-naming experiment. A set of 18 color samples was selected from the COLIBRI dataset to represent different shades of these colors. Participants (n = 92) were asked to freely assign color names to each sample in Kazakh, Russian, or English without being limited to predefined categories. The results show that color categories differ in their consistency. Green shades were consistently identified as green despite variations in appearance, whereas yellow shades received a wider variety of names, including gold- and brown-related descriptions. Red shades showed moderate naming consistency. Our findings suggest that some color categories occupy broader perceptual regions than others and may therefore be more robust to visual variations. The study results can be used to develop perceptually meaningful color models and color naming systems.
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