arXiv:2607.10592cs.LG2026-07中稿 · ICML

研究流形上纤维值统计量的集中性,揭示曲率导致的偏差并给出精确界限。

Sharp Concentration Bounds for Bundle-Valued Statistics on Manifolds

  • 通过纤维间传输构造经验均值,结合希尔伯特空间不等式推导紧致界。
  • 发现曲率引发不可消除的误差下界,且随样本量衰减至经典n^{-1/2}速率。
  • 适用于高维流形学习中需考虑几何路径依赖性的场景,如方向统计分析。

许多几何统计与流形学习流程会产生位于不同基流形点上变化纤维中的观测值(如切向量或局部标架),其自然定义域并非单一共享向量空间。计算经验平均需将这些观测值传输至同一参考纤维,由此引入由曲率与全纯性驱动的效应,而经典集中理论中并不存在此类影响。本文发展了一种非渐近集中理论,利用尖锐的希尔伯特空间不等式,推导出有限样本、无维度依赖的霍夫丁型与伯恩斯坦型界限。当最短路径不唯一时,传输变为路径相关,引入确定性全纯性偏差;我们通过束曲率与环路几何精确分离并量化该偏差,给出球面切丛的闭式表达。所得偏差-方差分解将随机波动(以n^{-1/2}速率衰减)与曲率驱动的误差下界区分开,极小化下界证明两项均不可避免。进一步建立鲁棒中位数-均值估计器,在重尾条件下达到最优率,并在参考纤维中实现中心极限定理。球面上的受控实验验证了所有理论预测。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Many geometric statistics and manifold learning pipelines routinely produce observations -- such as tangent vectors or local frames -- whose natural home is a varying family of fibers attached to different points of a base manifold, rather than a single shared vector space. Forming empirical averages requires transporting these observations to a common reference fiber, thereby introducing curvature- and holonomy-driven effects that are absent from classical concentration theory. We develop a non-asymptotic concentration theory for such transported empirical means, deriving finite-sample, dimension-free Hoeffding- and Bernstein-type bounds via sharp Hilbert-space inequalities. When shortest paths to the reference point are non-unique, transport becomes path-dependent and introduces a deterministic holonomy bias; we isolate and quantify this bias through bundle curvature and loop geometry, with sharp closed-form formulas for the tangent bundle of a round sphere. The resulting bias-variance decomposition separates the stochastic fluctuation decaying at the classical $n^{-1/2}$ rate in sample size $n$, from a curvature-driven error floor that no amount of additional data can eliminate; minimax lower bounds confirm both terms are unavoidable. We further establish a robust median-of-means estimator achieving optimal rates under heavy tails and the central limit theorem in the reference fiber. Controlled experiments on the sphere validate all theoretical predictions.

流形学习集中不等式几何统计曲率偏差

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