arXiv:2607.10593cs.LG2026-07

提出稳定自适应归一化的新方法,提升Transformer训练效果。

AutoNorm: Understanding Adaptive Normalization in Transformers through Differentiable Gating

论文配图:AutoNorm: Understanding Adaptive Normalization in Transformers through Differentiable Gating
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 用门控机制动态选择归一化方式,避免固定策略的局限
  • 在语言任务上性能超越基线,视觉任务保持竞争力
  • 通过冻结门控缓解优化噪声,适合需要自适应归一化的场景

归一化是稳定Transformer训练的关键,但静态策略(如层归一化)与自适应方法的选择仍依赖任务。本文研究可微门控归一化中的优化挑战:在较稳定的视觉任务中,Gumbel-Softmax门控引入的高梯度方差会阻碍路由机制收敛,导致学习到的门控表现不如随机选择;而在非平稳的语言建模和分类任务中,持续的门控多样性使模型能学习更有效的逐层归一化策略。基于此,我们提出AutoNorm-S(Stabilized),通过门控冻结调度缓解优化不稳定性。该方法在多个基准上表现优异,优于自适应归一化基线,在NLP数据集PTB和SST-2上取得更好结果,同时在标准视觉基准上保持竞争力。结果表明,将归一化选择与优化噪声解耦是一种实用且原则性的自适应归一化方案。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Normalization is a critical component for stabilizing Transformer training, yet the choice between static strategies such as Layer Normalization (LN) and adaptive alternatives remains largely task-dependent. In this paper, we investigate a key optimization challenge in differentiable normalization gating. Our experiments show that, on relatively stationary vision tasks, the high gradient variance introduced by Gumbel-Softmax gating can hinder convergence of the routing mechanism, causing learned gates to underperform simple random selection. In contrast, on non-stationary language modeling and classification tasks, sustained gating diversity enables the model to learn more effective layer-wise normalization policies. Motivated by these observations, we propose AutoNorm-S (Stabilized), a training strategy that mitigates optimization instability through a gate-freezing schedule. AutoNorm-S achieves competitive or improved performance across multiple benchmarks, outperforming adaptive normalization baselines on NLP datasets, including PTB and SST-2, while remaining competitive on standard vision benchmarks. These results suggest that decoupling normalization selection from optimization noise provides a practical and principled approach for adaptive normalization in Transformer architectures.

自适应归一化Transformer训练稳定门控机制

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