arXiv:2607.10709cs.CRcs.AI2026-07

用图模型分析文本关联,平衡隐私保护与信息可用性。

PromptGraph: Graph-Guided Prompt Sanitization for Balancing Privacy and Utility in LLM Inference

论文配图:PromptGraph: Graph-Guided Prompt Sanitization for Balancing Privacy and Utility in LLM Inference
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 将输入文本建模为带属性的图,节点表征隐私分,边表征上下文依赖。
  • 在保证上下文连贯性的前提下,使隐私泄露最小化,优于现有方法。
  • 适合需要保护敏感信息又不损失语义的LLM应用场景。

大型语言模型服务带来根本性隐私挑战:敏感信息不仅来自显式标识(如姓名、电话),还可能通过看似无害片段间的上下文关联被推断。现有净化工具通常对单个片段分配隐私或效用信号,未显式建模片段间的成对关系。本文提出 PromptGraph,一种基于图的提示净化方法,用于隐私保护的LLM推理。PromptGraph 在片段层面估计隐私泄露风险,并捕捉片段间对效用至关重要的上下文依赖。它将每个提示表示为属性图,节点携带片段级隐私分数,边编码维持效用所需的上下文依赖。净化目标选择一组受保护片段,以最大化隐私增益并惩罚上下文依赖损失。该公式在隐藏上下文证据时显式平衡隐私与效用。受保护片段进行本地净化,返回的占位符仅在通过局部一致性检查后恢复。大量实验表明,PromptGraph 在隐私与效用之间实现了比提示隐私基线更优的平衡。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Large Language Model (LLM) services introduce a fundamental privacy challenge. Sensitive information may be inferred not only from explicit identifiers, such as names or phone numbers, but also from contextual associations among otherwise innocuous spans. Existing sanitizers typically assign privacy or utility signals to individual spans without explicitly modeling pairwise relationships among them. In this paper, we propose PromptGraph, a graph-guided prompt-sanitization approach for privacy-preserving LLM inference. PromptGraph estimates privacy leakage at the span level and utility-relevant contextual dependencies between pairs of spans. It represents each prompt as an attributed graph, in which nodes carry span-level privacy scores and edges encode contextual dependencies needed to preserve utility. The sanitization objective selects a protected span set that maximizes privacy gain while penalizing the loss of contextual dependencies. This formulation explicitly balances privacy and utility when contextual evidence is hidden. Protected spans are sanitized locally, and returned placeholders are restored only after passing local consistency checks. We conduct extensive experiments showing that PromptGraph achieves a more favorable balance between privacy and utility than prompt-privacy baselines.

隐私保护LLM安全图神经网络

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