arXiv:2607.10930cs.LGcs.AI2026-07

用奇异点建模信号,能更准确恢复突变特征。

The Singularity Space: A Generative Diffusion Framework for Signal Representation

论文配图:The Singularity Space: A Generative Diffusion Framework for Signal Representation
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 用复平面奇异点代替密集网格表示信号,更契合物理特性。
  • 在未见噪声下保持信号结构,重建误差比传统方法低4.2倍。
  • 适合需精准捕捉突变的信号场景,如语音、生物信号分析。

生成模型通常将信号表示为密集振幅网格,模糊了对物理信号正确性至关重要的尖锐瞬态。我们提出Singularity Space,一种基于亚纯函数极点-留数表示的生成框架,通过学习每个信号的物理约束奇异点配置来解决退化或部分观测下的逆问题。该框架具备三大特性:可解释性(每个奇异点配置对应一组物理参数)、结构稳定性(抑制不连续处的吉布斯效应)以及无需重训练或插值即可在任意网格上实现无分辨率限制的输出重构。框架采用基于Transformer的扩散模型,直接预测复平面上奇异点坐标,并在采样时施加几何约束。以一维伯格斯激波为受控测试案例,每个激波由32个预测奇异点表示(相较1024点网格降低8倍),在未见测试噪声下保持信号结构(TV ratio ≈ 1),零样本子分辨率泛化下重建误差比网格基线低4.2倍,分布内物理参数恢复精度达10⁻⁴绝对误差。结果表明,奇异点表示可能为其他突变主导信号(如语音、生物信号)提供实用基础,并可扩展至高维领域。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Generative models often represent signals as dense grids of amplitudes, blurring sharp transients that are crucial for the correctness of physical signals. We introduce Singularity Space, a generative framework that represents signals through complex-plane singularities, rooted in the classical pole-residue representation of meromorphic functions. We learn a latent space of physically constrained, per-signal singularity configurations to solve an inverse problem from degraded or partial observations. The framework has three key properties: interpretability, in which each generated singularity configuration corresponds to a set of physical parameters; structural stability, which mitigates Gibbs artifacts at discontinuities; and resolution-free output reconstruction on arbitrary grids without retraining or interpolation. Our framework employs a transformer-based diffusion model that directly predicts samples at complex-plane singularity coordinates, subject to geometric constraints during sampling. As a controlled test case for sharp-feature recovery, we evaluate our framework on 1D Burgers shocks, where each shock is represented by 32 predicted singularities (an $8\times$ reduction versus a 1024-point grid signal). Our framework preserves signal structure ($\text{TV ratio} \approx 1$) under unseen test-time observation noise, achieves a $4.2\times$ lower reconstruction error in zero-shot sub-resolution generalization than a grid-based baseline, and recovers physical parameters to $10^{-4}$ absolute error in-distribution. These results suggest that singularity-based representations may provide a practical foundation for other transient-dominated signals such as speech and biomedical signals, with potential extension to higher-dimensional domains.

生成模型信号处理扩散模型奇异点

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