无需标注即可自动识别路口进出区域,实现跨摄像头转弯计数。
Unsupervised Detection of Entry and Exit Regions from Vehicle Trajectories for Camera-Agnostic Turning Movement Counts

- 基于轨迹起点终点聚类生成稳定空间区域,线性成本分类新轨迹。
- 在班加罗尔25个摄像头上中位分类误差3.4%,每转弯移动GEH值2.43。
- 适合大规模交通监测,尤其适用于无标定、多视角场景。
转弯流向统计对路口交通管理至关重要,但因单摄像头区域标注成本高,仍以人工采集为主。本文提出一种无监督流程,直接从目标检测与多目标追踪获取的原始车辆轨迹中识别进出区域,无需人工标注、相机标定或路口几何先验知识。不同于依赖成对相似性分类轨迹且需重跑的新批次方法,本方案对轨迹起始与终止点进行聚类,生成可持久化空间多边形,通过点包含判断分类未来轨迹,计算成本为线性。流程共六步,五步含可调参数,通过在印度班加罗尔9个摄像头(覆盖密集异构交通)和UA-DETRAC基准数据集10段序列上共计17,100次实验的系统性统计分析,确定三个显著参数,并推荐最优配置。该配置下,25个班加罗尔摄像头(含16个未见位置)中位分类误差为3.4%,每转弯移动中位GEH为2.43。相比两种轨迹聚类基线,本方法在不同视角间更稳定、计算开销更低,仅中位误差略高。扩展评估表明,至少60分钟校准片段及高峰时段选择可进一步提升区域估计质量。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Turning movement counts are essential for intersection-level traffic management, yet their collection remains predominantly manual due to the cost of per-camera region annotation. This paper presents an unsupervised pipeline that identifies entry and exit regions directly from raw vehicle trajectories extracted via object detection and multi-object tracking, requiring no manual annotation, camera calibration, or prior knowledge of intersection geometry. Unlike trajectory clustering methods that classify individual trajectories using pairwise similarity and must be re-executed on every new batch, the proposed pipeline clusters initial and terminal point locations to produce persistent spatial region polygons that classify future trajectories by point-in-polygon containment at linear cost. The pipeline comprises six sequential steps, five of which introduce configurable parameters evaluated through a systematic statistical analysis spanning 17,100 pipeline executions across 9 surveillance cameras capturing dense heterogeneous traffic in Bengaluru, India, and 10 sequences from the UA-DETRAC benchmark dataset. Both parametric and nonparametric testing frameworks identify three consistently significant parameters and yield an empirically grounded recommended configuration. Under this configuration, the pipeline achieves a median classification error of 3.4% across all 25 Bengaluru cameras, including 16 held-out locations, with a median per-turning-movement GEH of 2.43. Compared with two trajectory clustering baselines, the proposed pipeline exhibits greater stability across camera views and lower computational cost, at the expense of higher median error. Extended evaluation demonstrates that calibration clips of at least 60 minutes and peak-traffic selection further improve region estimation quality.
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