arXiv:2607.10975cs.ROmath.OC2026-07被引 1

提出可实时审计的优先级驱动自动驾驶控制器,兼顾法规与安全。

Real-Time Rulebook-Aware Nonlinear MPC for Autonomous Driving with Priority-Biased Tiered Slacks

论文配图:Real-Time Rulebook-Aware Nonlinear MPC for Autonomous Driving with Priority-Biased Tiered Slacks
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 用四层松弛机制整合九类交通规则,优先级低的违规代价更低。
  • 10Hz重规划,求解时间中位数28ms,最大104ms,满足实时性。
  • 适合需要可解释决策过程的自动驾驶系统开发与测试。

自动驾驶运动规划需在实时性下协调安全、法规、舒适与效率,并保证决策可审计。本文提出W-SQP,一种加权分层松弛非线性模型预测控制器(NMPC),将九类驾驶规则整合为四层共享松弛的非线性规划问题,使用CasADi与IPOPT在线求解。各层级惩罚强度差异显著,使低优先级规则的违反倾向更小,而执行约束保持硬性。控制器以10Hz频率从已执行状态重新规划,每周期记录各规则残差。90ms求解时限内返回任意时刻可行解,经车辆动力学投影后执行;实测中位与最大墙钟求解时间分别为28和104毫秒。在Waymo Open Motion Dataset 150个场景上,于Waymax环境中对比反应式与提案-选择基线,引入独立日志评估协议,分离安全性与合规性评价与人类轨迹相似度。结果显示,W-SQP在独立日志下的安全与法规合规性上无系统性不足,仅在最难、最偏离的局部场景出现少数退化。结果表明,W-SQP是一个可审计、优先级偏置、支持任意时刻输出的NMPC原型,而非硬实时或形式化安全控制器。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Autonomous-vehicle motion planners must resolve conflicts among safety, regulation, comfort, and efficiency in real time while exposing those decisions for audit. We present W-SQP, a weighted tiered-slack nonlinear model predictive controller (NMPC) that compiles nine driving-rule families into a four-tier shared-slack nonlinear program solved online with CasADi and IPOPT; the name denotes the weighted quadratic slack penalty, not a sequential-quadratic-programming solver. Strongly separated tier penalties bias residual violations toward lower-priority rules while leaving actuation bounds hard. The controller replans from its executed state at $10$\,Hz and records per-rule residuals on every cycle. A $90$\,ms solver-time limit returns an anytime iterate that is projected through the vehicle dynamics before execution; median and maximum observed wall-clock solve times were $28$ and $104$\,ms. We evaluate W-SQP in closed loop on 150 Waymo Open Motion Dataset scenarios in Waymax against reactive and proposal-and-select baselines, and introduce a log-independent protocol that separates safety and regulatory compliance from resemblance to the recorded human trajectory. Under this protocol, W-SQP shows no systematic group-level deficit relative to expert replay on the log-independent safety and regulatory rules, with several localized regressions in the hardest, highest-divergence scenarios. The results characterize W-SQP as an auditable, priority-biased, anytime-capable NMPC prototype rather than a hard-real-time or formally safe controller.

自动驾驶模型预测控制规则优先级可审计性

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