提出停顿决策步态,让四足机器人在无地图情况下更精准爬楼梯。
Stop to Decide: Latency-Aware Proprioceptive Navigation Primitives for Mapping-Free Quadruped Inspection

- 设计‘爬-停-决’节奏,减少感知延迟对爬楼的影响。
- 实验显示停顿模式使越障超调近乎为零,成功率提升至96%。
- 适合需要低延迟、无地图巡检的四足机器人部署场景。
车载四足巡检系统常因感知与导航共享有限算力,导致本体信号评估频率降低。本文研究楼梯顶点检测中的延迟问题,提出一种‘爬-停-决’的结构化、无地图巡检节律。在Unitree Go2上,集成楼梯循环运行在约15 Hz。在一个三级台阶平台(顶部宽50 cm,短于机器人)上,连续爬行时每周期前进速度与频率比 $v/f$ 增加会导致越障超调上升;而采用‘爬-停’节律后,观测超调基本为零(45次中仅1次失误,对比连续爬行22/45次;整体检验P≈2.4×10⁻⁷)。逻辑剂量-反应模型推导出0.30 m/s下临界频率约为19 Hz;预设40 Hz的独立验证也与模型拟合一致。系统整合检测器与直线跟随、三段式90°走廊动作,完全基于机载计算,无需学习,仅依赖IMU、足部力感、三个一维距离传感器和一个线阵相机。走廊任务20次全成功无碰撞,对比原地转向仅14/20成功且12次触墙;完整路径完成18/20次。结果受限于单一校准场地、机器人及操作员,但揭示了本体事件检测的环路频率是实际部署的关键参数。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Onboard quadruped inspection systems often share limited compute between perception and navigation, reducing the rate at which event-triggered controllers evaluate proprioceptive signals. We study this latency in stair-summit detection and propose a climb--settle ``stop-to-decide'' cadence for structured, mapping-free inspection. On a Unitree Go2, the integrated stair loop ran at $\approx$15 Hz. On a three-level stepped platform whose 50 cm top was shorter than the robot, continuous-climb overshoot increased with per-period advance $v/f$, whereas the climb--settle cadence held observed overshoot near zero (22/45 vs 1/45 pooled over $\approx$30/20/15 Hz; Fisher $p\approx2.4\times10^{-7}$). A logistic dose--response model gives a model-based critical rate of $\approx$19 Hz at 0.30 m/s; a pre-specified 40 Hz held-out check was consistent with the protocol-clean fit. We integrated the detector with line following and a three-segment 90$^\circ$ corridor maneuver in a fully onboard, learning-free stack using an IMU, foot-force sensing, three 1-D ranges, and one line camera. The corridor maneuver completed 20/20 trials without contact, compared with 14/20 completions and 12 wall contacts for in-place yaw; the full course completed 18/20 trials. Results are limited to one calibrated course, robot, and operator but identify loop rate as a deployment parameter for proprioceptive event detection.
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