arXiv:2607.11374cs.LG2026-07

不依赖文本的图模型新框架,用表格对齐实现跨领域图表示学习。

Surprisingly Simple and Effective Multi-Domain Graph Foundation Model through Graph-to-Table Alignment

论文配图:Surprisingly Simple and Effective Multi-Domain Graph Foundation Model through Graph-to-Table Alignment
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 通过图到表格对齐,将图结构信息转化为表格形式进行预训练。
  • 在5个基准数据集上超越现有方法,节点与图分类性能显著提升。
  • 无需文本属性,适合缺乏标注数据的图学习场景。

图基础模型(GFMs)已成为跨多样化图领域学习可迁移表征的有前景范式。当前进展主要基于图神经网络和大语言模型两类方法,但常面临数据有限与依赖文本属性的困境。表格式基础模型(TFMs)提供了一种替代路径,因节点特征与表示天然可组织为表格形式。然而,如何使TFMs有效捕捉图结构信息仍待探索。核心挑战在于构建图到表格的对齐机制以实现图结构理解。为此,我们提出GTAlign——一种简单而高效的无文本图基础模型框架。首先预训练一个图编码器,将多种图映射至统一潜在空间,捕获领域无关的图表示。为进一步弥合图拓扑与表格表示空间的差距,提出基于社区引导的持续预训练,利用图社区生成伪标签构建少样本预测任务。最后,将图编码器适配至未见目标域并执行上下文内推理。在5个基准数据集上的广泛实验表明,GTAlign在节点与图分类任务上显著优于现有最优基线,提供了一种简单、高效且无文本依赖的图基础模型。代码将在接受后发布。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Graph Foundation Models (GFMs) have emerged as a promising paradigm for learning transferable representations across diverse graph domains. Recent advancements in GFMs have been largely dominated by two paradigms: Graph Neural Network and Large Language Model (LLM) based methods. However, these methods often face a fundamental dilemma between training with limited data and a heavy reliance on textual attributes. Tabular foundation models (TFMs) offer a potential alternative, as node features and representations can be naturally organized in a tabular form. However, how to enable TFMs to effectively capture structural information of graphs remains largely unexplored. The key challenge is to learn a graph-to-table alignment mechanism that enables graph structural understanding for TFMs. To address this, we propose GTAlign, a surprisingly simple yet effective Graph-to-Table Alignment framework for text-free Graph Foundation Model. Specifically, we first pretrain a graph encoder that maps diverse graphs into a unified latent space to capture domain-agnostic graph representations. To further bridge the gap between graph topology and the tabular representation space, we propose community-guided continual pre-training, where pseudo-labels derived from graph community are used to construct few-shot prediction episodes. Lastly, we adapt the graph encoder for an unseen target domain and perform in-context inference. Extensive experiments on five benchmark datasets demonstrate that GTAlign significantly outperforms state-of-the-art baselines on both node and graph classification, offering a simple, effective, and text-free GFM model. Code will be released upon acceptance.

图神经网络基础模型无监督学习表格对齐

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