arXiv:2607.11399cs.CLcs.AI2026-07

让智能体路由自动积累数据,持续优化模型选择效率。

Agentic Routing: The Harness-Native Data Flywheel

论文配图:Agentic Routing: The Harness-Native Data Flywheel
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 按执行状态动态选择单一或多个模型,实现成本与精度平衡。
  • 每轮路由生成结构化数据,推动系统自我进化。
  • 适合需要长期优化的智能体系统开发者和研究者。

大型语言模型智能体不再依赖单次调用,而是由执行管理器(harness)协调观察、上下文、控制、动作、状态和验证等环节。当前前沿与开源模型正趋向功能专业化:擅长代码编辑、长上下文恢复、工具使用、数学推理或低延迟响应的模型,在其他方面未必占优。这使得智能体内部的模型选择成为核心系统问题,而非简单的查询级服务技巧。现有路由方法多关注单轮任务的成本-质量权衡,忽略了执行状态、中间失败和反馈循环等智能体特有因素。本文提出「原生调度器路由」(Harness-Native agentic routing),一种基于步骤级别的路由范式,根据完整调度状态选择单一最优模型以降低成本,或组合多个互补模型以提升准确性。关键洞察在于,每次路由决策都会生成结构化数据记录——包含查询、调度状态、模型选择或集合、执行轨迹、结果和成本——其标签由环境提供,而非路由模块自身。这些记录构成原生调度器数据飞轮:执行轨迹训练更优的路由策略和调度器模型,从而在相同预算下提升成本-质量表现,并产生更多高质量轨迹。我们在 OpenSquilla 中实现该理念,采用四层路由栈、轻量级 LightGBM 冷启动排序器,以及分阶段的路由器-模型路径,将已记录的竞技场数据逐步转化为更强的路由策略。实验在 DRACO 与 PinchBench 等智能体基准上评估了单模型与多模型路由,论证了智能体路由不仅是成本控制手段,更是面向智能体原生训练的数据引擎。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Large language model agents are increasingly executed not by a single model call, but by an execution harness that manages observation, context, control, action, state, and verification. At the same time, frontier and open models are becoming structurally specialized: a model that is strong at code editing, long-context recovery, tool use, mathematical reasoning, or low-latency response may not dominate on the other axes. This makes model selection inside an agent a core systems problem rather than a per-query serving trick. Existing routing methods mostly optimize single-turn cost-quality trade-offs and therefore miss the execution state, intermediate failures, and feedback loops that make agents different from chat completion. We propose Harness-Native agentic routing, a step-level routing paradigm that selects either a single best-fit model for cost-effective execution or multiple complementary models for ensemble-style accuracy improvement, conditioned on the full harness state. The key insight is that every routing decision naturally produces a structured data record -- consisting of the query, harness state, model choice or model set, execution trace, outcome, and cost -- whose labels are supplied by the environment rather than by the router itself. These records form a harness-native data flywheel: execution traces train better routers and harness-native models, which improve cost-quality trade-offs and generate more traces under the same budget. We instantiate this idea in OpenSquilla with a four-layer routing stack, an open LightGBM cold-start ranker, and a staged router-model path that turns logged arena records into progressively stronger routing policies. The report studies singleton and multi-model routing on agentic benchmarks including DRACO and PinchBench, and argues that agentic routing is not merely cost control, but a data engine for agent-native training.

智能体路由数据飞轮模型选择系统优化

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