arXiv:2607.11655cs.CV2026-07中稿 · DGM4MICCAI 2026

用特征空间引导生成更逼真的超声图像,不需重新训练模型。

Feature-Space Guided Diffusion for Realistic Ultrasound Image Synthesis

论文配图:Feature-Space Guided Diffusion for Realistic Ultrasound Image Synthesis
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 采样时通过局部k-NN特征修正和能量选择,提升真实感。
  • 在三个数据集上,FID降低56%~57%,特征距离减少47%。
  • 适用于希望提升生成图像真实性的医疗影像研究者。

条件扩散模型可生成解剖结构合理的超声图像,但仅解剖合理不足以保证真实的B模式外观。现有方法多沿用标准生成架构并以解剖掩码为条件,或使用强化相同解剖信号的引导机制。然而,B模式超声受成像依赖特性如斑点纹理、组织对比度和衰减影响。基于冻结的超声基础模型,我们发现标准条件扩散基线在表示空间中仍与真实图像存在差距。本文提出训练无关的采样策略FSCG:采样时应用局部k-NN特征修正,并根据特征空间能量选择最佳随机候选样本。掩码定义解剖结构,而FSCG则引导样本向真实超声域靠拢。在三个不同数据集上,FSCG使平均FID64降低56%,FID192降低57%,最近邻特征距离减少47%,优于其他推理时引导基线。结果表明,领域感知的特征表示可揭示并缩小医疗扩散合成中的真实感差距,无需重训练生成器。代码已开源。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Conditional diffusion models can generate anatomically plausible medical ultrasound (US) images, but anatomical plausibility alone does not ensure realistic B-mode appearance. Most US pipelines adapt standard generative architectures and condition them on anatomical masks, or use guidance mechanisms that reinforce the same anatomical signal. However, B-mode US images are shaped by acquisition-dependent properties such as speckle texture, tissue contrast, and attenuation. Using a frozen US foundation model, we show that standard conditional diffusion baselines remain separated from real images in representation space. In this work, we propose Feature-Space Candidate Guidance (FSCG), a training-free sampling strategy to reduce this gap. At sampling time, FSCG applies local k-NN feature correction and selects the best of multiple stochastic candidates according to their feature-space energy. In this way, the mask defines the anatomy, while FSCG steers samples toward the real US domain. Across three different datasets, FSCG reduces average FID64 by 56\%, FID192 by 57\%, and nearest-neighbour feature distance by 47\% over standard conditional diffusion sampling, outperforming alternative inference-time guidance baselines. The results suggest that domain-aware feature representations can reveal and reduce realism gaps in medical diffusion synthesis without retraining the generator. Our code is available at https://github.com/marinadominguez/FSCG.

超声生成扩散模型特征引导

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