arXiv:2607.11985quant-phcs.ET2026-07中稿 · IEEE/ACM Internati…

针对量子机器学习中的固定参数电路,提出编译一次的高效模拟方案。

VQCSim: When Does Compile-Once Statevector Simulation Beat Generic Quantum Frameworks?

论文配图:VQCSim: When Does Compile-Once Statevector Simulation Beat Generic Quantum Frameworks?
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 编译一次后直接在PyTorch中执行,支持自动微分。
  • 训练速度提升26.78倍,推理速度提升4.49倍。
  • 适合追求极致性能的量子机器学习研究者使用。

混合量子-经典机器学习工作流在训练和模型探索中反复评估大量小规模参数化电路。在此场景下,框架调度与协调开销常成为主要瓶颈。已有模拟器虽能加速执行,但未明确静态变分电路何时应选择编译一次的专用方案。本文提出VQCSim,一种原生支持PyTorch、具备自动微分能力的编译一次态矢量执行路径。在系统性MQT Bench测试中,VQCSim成功编译所有测试电路,实现87.7%的端到端语义验证率。在五张GPU上的评估显示,其在原生推理中实现4.49倍中位加速,在原生训练中达26.78倍;即使在匹配有限差分训练条件下,仍保持3.31倍优势。消融实验表明,原生自动微分是加速主因(27.6倍),编译缓存与批向量化亦带来额外增益。该加速以更高显存占用为代价,呈现内存-时间权衡。我们构建了硬件感知的适用区域图,并发布vqcsim-oracle开源后端选择器,其在跨GPU传输情况下达到91.1%-97.7%的顶级选择准确率,可自动集成至量子机器学习设计循环。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Hybrid quantum-classical machine learning workflows repeatedly evaluate many small parametrized circuits during training and model exploration. In this regime, framework dispatch and orchestration overhead often dominate runtime. Prior simulators accelerate execution but leave open the question of when compile-once specialization is the right choice for static variational circuits. We answer this question with VQCSim, a compile-once, PyTorch-native statevector execution path with native autograd. In a systematic MQT Bench study, VQCSim compiles all tested static circuits and provides 87.7% end-to-end semantic validation. Across a five-GPU evaluation set, VQCSim delivers pooled median speedups of 4.49x for native inference and 26.78x for native training, while retaining a 3.31x advantage under matched finite-difference training. Ablation identifies native autograd as the dominant source of acceleration (27.6x), with compile-once caching and batch vectorization contributing additional gains. The speedup trades higher GPU memory (VQCSim is memory-limited at the high end) for lower runtime. We derive a hardware-aware regime map and release vqcsim-oracle, an open-source backend selector with 91.1%-97.7% top-1 agreement (including cross-GPU transfers), enabling automatic simulator selection in QML design loops.

量子模拟机器学习性能优化

Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品;中文卡片由大模型生成,请以原文为准。