用智能体大模型让机器人团队自动变形重组,灵活通过复杂障碍。
EFLUX: Elastic Multi-Robot Formation Navigation and Adaptation with Agentic LLMs

- 用大模型统一决策变形与重组动作,避免人工规则依赖。
- 在模拟与实机测试中,死锁和导航失败率显著降低。
- 适合需要动态调整队形的复杂环境机器人协同任务。
在狭小或障碍密集环境中,多机器人团队需同时调整队形几何与连接拓扑以实现导航。这一过程依赖两种互补行为:变形(持续改变队形但保持连接)与重构(分组或合并)。现有方法通常将两者独立建模,通过手工规则连接,或缺乏明确几何标准来决定何时触发何种行为。复杂环境要求在线调整队形、连通性与有效团队结构,导致解耦或规则驱动的方法易产生次优轨迹甚至死锁。我们提出EFLUX,一种基于几何约束的大型语言模型智能体框架,实现自动且弹性的多机器人队形导航。EFLUX提取结构化场景表示,并利用大模型联合推理变形动作(如缩放、剪切)与重构动作(如分裂、合并)。这些策略经闭环生成、验证与修正流程转化为每台机器人的可执行航点。仿真与硬件实验表明,EFLUX在受限环境中实现了安全、连续且弹性的队形导航,相较基线显著减少死锁与导航失败,同时维持良好的多机器人协调性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Multi-robot teams operating in confined or cluttered environments must adapt both their formation geometry and group topology to navigate through complex obstacles. This adaptation requires two complementary behaviors: deformation, where the team continuously reshapes its geometry while remaining connected, and reconfiguration, where robots split into subgroups or merge back into a single formation. Existing methods often model these behaviors independently, connect them through handcrafted rules, or lack explicit geometric criteria for determining when each behavior should be invoked. However, challenging environments may require online changes in formation shape, connectivity, and effective team composition, making decoupled or rule-based approaches prone to suboptimal trajectories and deadlock. We propose EFLUX, a geometry-grounded LLM agentic framework for automatic and elastic multi-robot formation navigation. EFLUX extracts a structured scene representation and uses an LLM to reason jointly over both deformation actions, such as scaling and shearing, and reconfiguration actions, such as splitting and merging. These strategies are then translated into executable per-robot waypoints through a closed-loop generation, verification, and correction pipeline. Simulation and hardware experiments show that EFLUX enables safe, continuous, and elastic formation navigation in constrained environments, reducing deadlock and navigation failures compared with baselines while maintaining coherent multi-robot coordination.
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