用动态图模型预测机构持仓,准确率超91%。
Institutional Equity Holdings Prediction Using Node Affinities of Dynamic Graphs

- 将持仓预测转化为节点亲和力建模,基于13F文件构建时序二分图。
- NAVIS模型在48个季度数据上达NDCG 0.9127,远超其他动态图模型。
- 简单移动平均已超多数模型,说明机构持仓高度稳定。
美国证监会13F文件披露的机构持股信息提供了大型投资经理组合决策的丰富时间序列记录。然而,由于披露延迟、报告噪声以及机构行为的强持续性,预测未来持仓和需求仍具挑战。本文首次提出基于时序图机器学习的基准任务,将持仓预测建模为节点亲和力预测——即在离散时间时序二分图(管理者与证券)上预测投资权重。在包含99家管理人、标普500指数(503只证券)、48个季度(2013–2025年)共209,351条时序边的采样数据集上,使用虚拟状态的节点亲和力模型(NAVIS)达到0.9127的测试归一化折现累积增益(NDCG),在有特征情况下优于所有动态图表示学习模型,且显著超越所有启发式方法。值得注意的是,简单的指数移动平均基线也达到0.8882,仅略低于持久性预测(0.8891),表明机构组合具有极强平滑性和持续性。领域特定节点特征仅带来<1.2%的边际提升,说明13F所有权图中的时序与结构信号已捕获大部分可预测信息。通过在真实13F数据上对一系列时序图基准(TGB)模型进行评估,本工作为时序图机器学习在持仓预测与组合配置中的应用提供了可复现的基础。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Institutional equity holdings disclosed in SEC Form 13F filings provide a rich temporal record of portfolio decisions by large investment managers. However, forecasting future allocations and modeling future demand remains challenging due to disclosure lags, reporting noise, and strong persistence in institutional behavior. We introduce the first benchmark for these tasks using temporal graph machine learning, framing holdings prediction as node affinity prediction -- i.e., forecasting portfolio weights -- on a discrete-time temporal bipartite graph of managers and securities extracted from preprocessed filings. On a sampled dataset comprising 99 managers and the S\&P 500 index (503 securities, 209,351 temporal edges across 48 quarters from 2013--2025), Node Affinity prediction model using Virtual State (NAVIS) achieves a state-of-the-art test Normalized Discounted Cumulative Gain (NDCG) of 0.9127 with features (0.9121 without), outperforming all dynamic graph representation learning competitors by a substantial margin, and outperforming all heuristic methods. Remarkably, a simple Exponential Moving Average baseline achieves 0.8882, surpassing all dynamic graph models except NAVIS and all heuristics except Persistent Forecast (0.8891), highlighting the strong smoothness and persistence of institutional portfolios. Domain-specific node features provide only marginal gains (<1.2\%), indicating that temporal and structural signals in the 13F ownership graph already capture most of the predictable information. By benchmarking a suite of Temporal Graph Benchmark (TGB) models under the node affinity prediction setting, both with and without features, on real-world 13F data, this work provides a reproducible foundation for temporal graph machine learning in holdings prediction and portfolio allocation.
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