arXiv:2607.12114cs.ROcs.AI2026-07

让机器人从走路自然进化到跑步,无需重新训练。

GaitSpan: Growing Humanoid Locomotion from Walking to Running

论文配图:GaitSpan: Growing Humanoid Locomotion from Walking to Running
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 以走路为起点,通过节奏调节、步幅塑造和残差修正三步扩展技能。
  • 单个策略覆盖步行到跑步全速段,速度连续变化且零样本迁移真实地形。
  • 适合研究运动技能生长与跨形态机器人控制的开发者。

具备行走能力的人形机器人不应在慢跑或奔跑时从头学习运动。当前方法通常依赖预设步态周期、模仿动作片段或训练多个专家策略,再融合成单一策略。这些方式虽能生成精彩动作,但在连续速度指令、复杂地形与不同体型之间灵活性有限。本文提出GaitSpan框架,将预训练的基础行走策略扩展为更快速的运动模式。该框架将行走视为可复用的运动基底,包含平衡、支撑、身体协调与接触转换等核心机制,可在新节奏下再生、步幅拉长或通过残差适应进行微调。其扩展包含三方面:1)节奏生成,通过多个内部时钟调制冻结的行走策略,并学习命令条件下的动作组合;2)步幅塑造,基于弹簧倒立摆动力学设计物理合理的目标,奖励适配高速指令的动态步态;3)残差适应,捕捉前两步未涵盖的运动细节。GaitSpan首次实现单一命令可控的策略,覆盖步行、慢跑、跑步全速区间,支持跨体型迁移,并在未见过的仿真与真实地形上实现零样本部署。相比多专家训练或人类模仿基线,其学习更快,步态性能更强。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

A humanoid that can walk should not relearn locomotion from scratch to jog or run. Yet current approaches often obtain gait diversity by prescribing gait schedules, imitating motion clips, training experts to switch between or distilling skills into one policy. These strategies can produce impressive behaviors, but offer limited flexibility across continuous speed commands, terrains, and morphologies. We study skill growth with GaitSpan, a framework that expands a pretrained, basic walking policy into faster locomotion. It treats walking as a seed skill: reusable motor structure for balance, support, body coordination, and contact transition that can be regenerated at new rhythms, extended into longer/higher strides, and corrected by residual adaptation. This expansion has three aspects: 1) rhythm generation, which modulates the frozen walking policy with multiple internal clocks and learns command-conditioned combinations of the resulting canonical actions; 2) stride shaping, which rewards dynamic locomotion patterns appropriate for higher commanded speeds using a physically grounded objective inspired by spring-loaded inverted pendulum dynamics; and 3) residual adaptation, which captures motion details not accounted for by rhythm generation or stride shaping. GaitSpan is the first to deliver a single command-conditioned humanoid policy that spans walking, jogging, and running-like regimes covering a continuous speed range, transfers across morphologies, and deploys zero-shot on unseen sim-to-sim, and real-world terrains. Compared with baselines either trained with multi-experts or imitation from humans, it learns faster and achieves stronger gait performance.

人形机器人步态生成技能生长连续控制

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