构建癌症谣言多维分类体系,揭示社交平台谣言分布与传播规律。
Beyond Binary Detection: A Multi-Dimensional Taxonomy of Cancer Misinformation on Reddit

- 设计七维分类框架,涵盖谣言存在性、信息类型、风险等级等维度。
- 发现癌症相关讨论中约6%为谣言,不同社区差异显著。
- 适合研究网络健康谣言、数字公共卫生或社交媒体治理的学者。
社交媒体上的癌症讨论是信息交流与情感支持的重要空间,但也助长了可能影响预防、筛查和治疗决策的虚假信息传播。现有研究常依赖狭义定义、小规模数据集或二元标注框架。本文针对乳腺癌、肺癌、结直肠癌和前列腺癌在Reddit上的讨论,提出一个多维度的癌症谣言分类体系,涵盖谣言存在性、信息类型、风险等级、立场和主题焦点等七个维度。基于专家标注数据,评估多种大语言模型(LLMs)在可扩展谣言标注中的表现,并分析各社区的谣言分布。结果表明,癌症相关讨论中约6%属于谣言,且在不同社区和话题间存在显著差异。少样本提示显著提升分类性能,尤其在细微维度上表现更优。此外,识别出反复出现的谣言叙事,包括无依据的治疗方法、对主流医学的不信任,以及关于诊断与筛查的误导性说法。本研究提出的分类体系、数据集与发现,为在线癌症谣言的多维建模提供了基础。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Cancer-related discussions on social media provide an important space for information exchange and peer support, but also facilitate the spread of misinformation that may influence prevention, screening, and treatment decisions. Existing research on cancer misinformation often relies on narrow definitions, small-scale datasets, or binary labeling frameworks. We introduce a multi-dimensional taxonomy for characterizing cancer misinformation in Reddit discussions of breast, lung, colon, and prostate cancer. The taxonomy captures seven dimensions, including misinformation presence, information type, risk level, stance, and topical focus. Using expert-annotated data, we evaluate multiple large language models (LLMs) for scalable misinformation annotation and analyze cancer misinformation across Reddit communities. Our results show that cancer-related misinformation constitutes approximately 6% of Reddit cancer discussions, with substantial variation across communities and misinformation topics. Few-shot prompting substantially improves classification performance, particularly for nuanced taxonomy dimensions. We additionally identify recurring misinformation narratives centered on unsupported treatments, distrust of conventional medicine, and misleading claims about diagnosis and screening. Our taxonomy, dataset, and findings provide a foundation for multi-dimensional modeling of online cancer misinformation.
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