arXiv:2607.12397cs.AI2026-07

让大模型自我学习判断每一步是否有效,提前预估行动成功率。

Critic Experience Bank: Self-Evolving Step-Level Confidence Estimation for LLM Agents

论文配图:Critic Experience Bank: Self-Evolving Step-Level Confidence Estimation for LLM Agents
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 用过去执行结果反向修正信心评估,形成动态记忆库。
  • 在三个基准上信心估计更准,误差降低最高达54%。
  • 无需训练和真实标签,适合各类大模型智能体使用。

LLM智能体在外部环境中行动时,每一步都会改变后续决策的环境状态,单步错误可能浪费交互资源或引发不可逆后果。可靠部署需要步骤级信心估计:在执行前给出每步行动成功的概率。现有方法仅基于提示评分,未考虑执行后果。本文提出 extmethod,一种自演进的批判框架,由大模型批判者积累自身过往判断及其实际结果。每条轨迹结束后,一个回溯式大模型根据完整反馈判断每步是否有效,并生成伪标签存入记忆库。当相似步骤再次出现时,相关成功与失败经验被召回作为批判者提示。该方法无需训练,也不依赖真实步骤标签。在三个智能体基准和三种批判者架构下, extmethod均达到最佳校准(ECE和Brier)与排序(AUC)表现,相较最强无训练基线,ECE降低最多达54%。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

LLM agents act in external environments where each action changes the state that later decisions condition on, and where a single wrong step can waste interaction budget or trigger irreversible side effects long before the final failure is observed. Reliable deployment therefore requires \emph{step-level confidence estimation}: a calibrated probability that each proposed action is productive, available \emph{before} the action is executed. Existing LLM confidence estimators are designed to score a response from the given prompt, but agent confidence also depends on execution consequences: whether similar actions in similar situations actually advanced the task after the environment responded. We introduce the \method (\methodshort), a self-evolving critic framework in which an LLM critic accumulates evidence from its own past judgments and their observed consequences. After each trajectory, a hindsight LLM that sees the full execution feedback votes on whether each step was productive. The resulting pseudo-labels populate a memory bank from which related productive and unproductive experiences are retrieved into the critic's prompt whenever a similar step recurs. \methodshort requires no training and uses no ground truth step labels. Across three agent benchmarks and three critic backbones, \methodshort attains the best calibration (ECE and Brier) and ranking (AUC) in every dataset--critic combination, reducing ECE by up to $54\%$ relative to the strongest training-free baseline.

大模型信心估计智能体自进化

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