arXiv:2607.12833stat.MLcs.LG2026-07

针对角度数据的分布回归,提出轻量级生成模型ANGLE。

ANGLE: Angular Neural Generative Learning via Engression

论文配图:ANGLE: Angular Neural Generative Learning via Engression
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 用生成映射学习角度响应的完整条件分布,基于广义圆能量损失优化。
  • 在姿态估计和风向预测任务中表现更优,且能可靠量化不确定性。
  • 适合处理多模态、偏斜的角度数据,适用于视觉与气象等领域。

圆形数据(如角度或方向)在计算机视觉、生物、地质和气象领域中常见。传统回归以条件均值为目标,但在多模态、偏斜或非对称数据结构下,其几何意义常不准确。为此,本文提出一种轻量级深度生成框架ANGLE,用于圆上的非参数分布回归。通过广义圆能量分数(GCES)损失优化生成映射,学习给定欧氏与圆形协变量时角度响应的完整条件分布。理论证明该损失严格恰当,估计器具有旋转等变性。同时支持加性噪声前模型与后模型。构建统一工具箱,推进了圆统计学中此前未充分探索的挑战:外推、充分维数降低与条件分布相等性检验。通过大量模拟与真实应用验证方法有效性,包括从图像中进行物体姿态估计及风向预测,分别应用于安防、自动驾驶与能源系统。结果表明,该方法在预测性能与不确定性量化方面均显著优于现有方法。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Circular data, representing angles or directions, are frequently encountered in computer vision, biology, geology, and meteorology. Traditional regression targets the conditional mean, which is often geometrically misleading for circular responses under multimodal, skewed, or asymmetric data structures. To address these limitations, a lightweight deep generative framework, namely ANGLE, is introduced for non-parametric distributional regression on the circle. The full conditional distribution of an angular response, given Euclidean and circular covariates, is learned through a generative map optimized via a generalized circular energy score (GCES) loss. Desirable theoretical properties, including the strict propriety of the loss and the rotational equivariance of the estimators, are established. Furthermore, both pre- and post-additive noise models are accommodated. A unified toolbox is provided for advancing previously underexplored challenges in circular statistics: extrapolation, sufficient dimension reduction, and conditional distribution equality testing. The framework's efficacy is demonstrated through extensive simulations and real-world applications. Specifically, the proposal is utilized for object pose estimation from imagery and wind direction prediction, which are integral to surveillance, autonomous vehicles, and energy systems, respectively. Superior predictive performance and robust uncertainty quantification of the proposed method in these tasks are revealed.

角度回归生成模型分布预测圆统计

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