无需训练即可统一条件化各类随机过程,实现秒级采样。
LatentFlow: A General Framework for Conditioning Stochastic Processes

- 将随机过程映射到可解析的隐变量空间,通过反向SDE进行条件推断。
- 在经典空间先验、非线性动力学等10余类模型上实现精确条件采样。
- 适用于物理/生命科学模型,尤其适合无训练、低资源场景。
随机过程的条件化通常远比模拟困难。非线性观测、非高斯似然、黑箱信息与全局约束均导致条件分布不可解析,需针对每类模型定制方法。我们提出LatentFlow,一种无需学习、无需训练的通用条件化框架。其核心思想是将随机过程表示为可解析隐变量创新的确定性映射:$f_0 = T_{\vartheta}(ξ_0)$,其中 $ξ_0$ 来自简单参考分布。这将过程层面的条件化转化为隐空间推理:将似然沿 $T_{\vartheta}$ 回传,用可解析引导概率流采样隐空间分布,并向前推送样本。该构造在目标分布层面上严格精确;实际近似仅来自有限终态加噪、蒙特卡洛引导及连续时间动态的离散化,均为显式且可系统减小。由于无需训练,条件化仅需求解一个反向时间SDE。此方法可在单台桌面CPU上实现秒级采样,覆盖从未共享高效方法的多种模型类别:经典空间先验、非线性随机动力学、物理与生命科学机制模型、随机偏微分方程、重尾与极端事件、点过程与离散状态过程,以及神经或模拟器定义的过程。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Stochastic-process models are, as a rule, far easier to simulate than to condition. Non-linear observations, non-Gaussian likelihoods, black-box information, and global constraints all induce intractable conditional laws, requiring bespoke, model-specific constructions. We introduce LatentFlow, a single framework for conditioning stochastic processes, with no learned neural approximations and no training. Our starting point is to write the stochastic process as the deterministic image of a tractable latent innovation, $f_0 = T_{\vartheta}(ξ_0)$, with $ξ_0$ sampled from a simple reference distribution. This reduces process-level conditioning to latent-space inference: pull the likelihood back through $T_{\vartheta}$, sample the resulting latent law with a tractable guided probability flow, and push the samples forward. This construction is provably exact at the level of the target law; in practice, approximation enters only through finite terminal noising, Monte Carlo guidance, and time discretisation of the continuous-time dynamics, each of which is explicit and systematically reducible. As LatentFlow is training-free, conditioning reduces to solving a single reverse-time SDE. This enables conditional sampling in seconds on a single desktop CPU across model classes that have never shared a scalable method: classical spatial priors, nonlinear stochastic dynamics, mechanistic models from the physical and life sciences, stochastic PDEs, heavy-tails and extremes, point and discrete-state processes, and neural or simulator-defined processes.
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