arXiv:2607.12982cs.AIcs.MA2026-07

自动生成带精准图形的解析几何题目,无需人工标注。

FormalAnalyticGeo: A Neural-Symbolic Based Framework for Multimodal Analytic Geometry Problem Generation

论文配图:FormalAnalyticGeo: A Neural-Symbolic Based Framework for Multimodal Analytic Geometry Problem Generation
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 用形式化语言统一描述题目与几何约束,驱动高精度绘图
  • 生成7000+题目,答案误差中位数仅0.70%,95%内准确率超82%
  • 适合做数学推理、多模态数据生成的研究者使用

数学推理在多模态大模型推动下取得显著进展,但解析几何仍研究不足,主要受限于标注样本稀缺。现有绘图方法难以处理解析几何:模板法无法应对约束布局,生成模型缺乏几何精度,难以正确绘制带标注的圆锥曲线。本文提出FormalAnalyticGeo,一种可扩展的全自动多模态解析几何题目生成框架。通过形式化语言构建CDL(条件描述语言)作为中间表示,将自然文本问题映射至符号距离场(SDF)引擎以精确渲染图形。框架包含四个专有LLM组件:生成器生成多样化题目,形式化器将问题转为CDL用于SDF绘图,测量器基于图像测量提取真值答案,质量验证器在三阶段检查输出。验证器提供结构化反馈,驱动自动重试,形成闭环,彻底免除人工标注。大规模应用生成AnalyticGeo7K数据集,含超7000个经验证的多模态问题,每题均含对齐的文本、图形、形式化标注与真值。实验表明,生成题目真值相对误差中位数为0.70%,82.3%的答案在5%以内接近精确符号解。框架与数据集将公开发布。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Math reasoning has achieved significant progress with the rapid advancement of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), however analytic geometry remains largely underexplored, primarily due to the scarcity of annotated samples. Existing diagram generation approaches struggle with analytic geometry: template methods cannot handle constraint-driven layouts, and generative models lack the geometric precision to render annotated conic curves correctly. We present FormalAnalyticGeo, a scalable framework for fully automatic generation of multimodal analytic geometry problems. Leveraging the rigor of formal languages, we design the framework around CDL (Condition Description Language), a formal intermediate representation that bridges free-form problem text with precise diagram rendering via a Signed Distance Field (SDF) engine. The framework employs four specialized LLM components in sequence: a Generator that produces diverse analytic geometry problems, a Formalizer that converts each problem into CDL for SDF-based rendering, a Measurer that extracts ground-truth answers through vision-based measurement on the rendered diagrams, and a Quality Verifier that checks outputs at three stages. Structured feedback from the Quality Verifier drives automatic retry, forming a closed loop that eliminates any need for human annotation. Applying FormalAnalyticGeo at scale yields AnalyticGeo7K, a dataset of over 7K verified multimodal problems, each with aligned text, diagram, formal annotation, and ground truth.Experiments show that the generated problems achieve a median ground-truth relative error of 0.70\%, with 82.3\% of answers falling within 5\% of the exact symbolic solution. Our framework and dataset will be publicly released.

解析几何多模态生成自动标注形式化推理

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