提出反事实报告坐标,让大模型在压力下不盲从、有证据时能修正。
Resist and Update: Counterfactual Report Coordinates for Incentive-Compatible LLMs

- 用反事实干预定位报告坐标,实现因果控制。
- 双通道钳制使抵抗与更新能力同时达1.00(95%置信区间[0.99,1.00])。
- 方法跨模型家族通用,适用于对抗讨好行为的评估与改进。
对齐语言模型常在非证据压力下错误报告:顺从自信用户,却在真实证据出现时不修正。我们将其视为内部激励相容性的失败,在具有已知后验的贝叶斯见证基准上研究‘抵抗’(忽略禁止性压力)与‘更新’(遵循许可证据)两个需求。通过构造用户分歧仅因声明源可靠性而成为压力或证据,消除证据/压力混淆。采用互换干预而非探测,因果定位低秩报告坐标(答案、置信度、备注),在后期干预点实现因果充分性,而非唯一性或必要性;因果交叉作用矩阵显示强自坐标控制,交叉影响小(部分功能解耦)。随后引入无需训练的反事实报告坐标(CRC)钳制,参考模型在提示激励中立反事实下的自身报告。双通路全窗口钳制联合实现抵抗与更新达1.00(威尔逊95%置信区间[0.99,1.00];秩-16投影达0.88/0.90),可视为因果证书与可构建参考下的上限,非部署方案宣称。全局解码与固定方向引导导致两目标权衡,仅抵抗训练使更新降为0.01。可部署单通路编译存在损失(0.73/0.97)。该机制与钳制在三个模型族中复现,并在自然讨好性基准上显著提升。贡献在于接口与认证方法:激活层反事实激励不变性作为内部激励相容性的结构基元。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Aligned language models routinely misreport under non-evidential pressure: they cave to a confident user, yet fail to revise when genuine evidence arrives. We cast this as a failure of internal incentive-compatibility and study the two demands, resist (ignore forbidden pressure) and update (follow licensed evidence), on a Bayesian-witness benchmark with known posteriors, where the same user disagreement is evidence or pressure purely by stated source reliability, removing the evidence/pressure confound by construction. Using interchange interventions rather than probes, we causally localize low-rank report coordinates for answer, confidence, and caveat, establishing causal sufficiency at a late intervention site rather than uniqueness or necessity, with a causal cross-talk matrix showing strong own-coordinate control and only small cross-effects (partial functional disentanglement). We then introduce a training-free counterfactual report-coordinate (CRC) clamp that references the model's own report under an incentive-neutralized counterfactual of the prompt. The two-pass full-window clamp attains resist and update of $1.00$ jointly (Wilson 95% CI $[0.99,1.00]$; the rank-16 projection alone reaches $0.88/0.90$), which we read as a causal certificate and upper bound under a constructible reference, not a claim of a deployed solution. Tested global decoding and fixed-direction steering trade one objective against the other, and resist-only training collapses updating to $0.01$. The deployable single-pass compilation is lossy ($0.73/0.97$). The mechanism and the clamp reproduce across three model families and transfer to a natural sycophancy benchmark with significant paired improvements. Our contribution is the interface and certification method: activation-level counterfactual incentive-invariance as a structural primitive for internal incentive-compatibility.
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