针对网络入侵检测误报多的问题,提出以正常流量为基准的特征筛选方法。
BARS: Benign-Anchored Ranking and Selection for False Alarm Reduction in Network Intrusion Detection

- 用正常流量均值替代全局均值作为特征评分锚点,更符合攻击是异常的现实
- 在小特征数量下(如20个)比现有方法降低15%~23%误报率,且不牺牲检出率
- 计算高效、内存占用低,适合资源受限环境部署
误报仍是部署网络入侵检测系统的主要障碍。高流量环境下,即使误报率低于1%,每日也会产生数万条告警。基于过滤的特征选择因其在分类器前运行且无推理开销而具有吸引力。但传统过滤方法采用对称性标准,忽略了入侵检测中良性流量为基线、攻击为偏离的不对称性。近期提出的类不对称方法CMD虽改进此问题,但其评分锚点为全局均值,在类别失衡时会向攻击分布偏移,削弱了本应捕捉的偏差。本文提出良性锚定排序与选择(BARS),通过两阶段设计:以良性类均值替代全局锚点,并引入保持排序的去相关步骤。在CICIDS2017、CICDDoS2019和UNSW-NB15数据集上,特征预算为k = {5,10,20,30,40}时,攻击主导的数据集中,BARS在k=20时相较CMD降低15.4%误报率(UNSW-NB15),在小特征预算下对CICDDoS2019降低21%~23%误报率,同时保持真阳性率与宏平均F1不变。在良性主导数据中,BARS与CMD趋于一致,符合理论极限。虽然皮尔逊相关与互信息常有更低误报率,但在最大基准上内存消耗超1TB。BARS保持线性时间评分与低内存占用,适用于资源受限场景。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
False alarms remain a major barrier to deploying network intrusion detection systems (NIDS). In high-volume environments, even a sub-1% false positive rate can generate tens of thousands of daily alerts. Filter-based feature selection is attractive because it operates upstream of the classifier and adds no inference-time cost. However, classical filters use class-symmetric criteria that ignore the asymmetry of intrusion detection, where benign traffic defines the baseline and attacks are deviations from it. A recent class-asymmetric filter, Classwise Mean Deviation (CMD), addresses this issue but anchors its score to a global mean that shifts toward attack distributions under class imbalance, weakening the deviations it aims to capture. We propose Benign-Anchored Ranking and Selection (BARS), a two-stage filter that replaces CMD's global anchor with the benign-class mean and applies an order-preserving decorrelation step. We evaluate BARS on CICIDS2017, CICDDoS2019, and UNSW-NB15 using feature budgets k = {5, 10, 20, 30, 40}. On attack-majority datasets, where global-anchor bias is strongest, BARS reduces false positive rate relative to CMD by 15.4% on UNSW-NB15 at k = 20 and by 21% to 23% on CICDDoS2019 at small feature budgets while preserving true positive rate and macro-F1. On benign-majority data, BARS and CMD converge, consistent with the theoretical limit where global- and benign-anchored scores coincide. BARS is a principled refinement of CMD rather than a universally dominant filter. Although Pearson Correlation and Mutual Information often achieve lower false positive rates, they exceeded 1 TB of memory on the largest benchmarks in our evaluation. BARS retains linear-time scoring and a low memory footprint, making it suitable for resource-constrained deployments.
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