测试大模型能否自动完成临床AI安全审计并生成报告。
Evaluating Frontier AI Agents as Autonomous Clinical Security Auditors
- 用指令驱动大模型在容器中自主执行四种攻击并评分。
- 三款前沿模型中,两款完成全部任务且得分满分,另一款失败率高。
- 适合关注AI医疗安全与自动化审计的研究者和开发者。
临床AI模型在未检测到对抗性漏洞时可能危及患者安全,但正式安全审计需统计专长、专用工具且耗时。我们基于METR任务标准v0.3.0构建了一个开放评估任务,检验前沿AI代理是否能自主实施结构化临床AI安全审计。给定预训练临床预测模型、患者数据集和书面指令,每个代理需实现四种攻击(来自伪代码)、计算包含FGSM鲁棒性、成员推断抵抗、期望校准误差和边界攻击抵抗的综合安全评分,并在仅使用bash接口且无模板代码的Docker容器中生成结构化JSON报告。六种变体涵盖威斯康星乳腺癌诊断与MIMIC-IV ICU死亡率数据集,三种模型架构防御强度递增,参考得分为55.60至90.41。共进行54次评估,每变体三次运行。Claude Sonnet 4.6与GPT-4.1完成全部18次运行并获得满分评价;GPT-4o完成61%运行,每轮令牌消耗约为Claude的五倍(尽管提供商分词方式不同)。总API成本分别为:GPT-4.1为8美元,Claude Sonnet 4.6为12美元,GPT-4o为27美元。GPT-4o失败原因包括提前会话终止、聚合错误及提交文件为空。任务框架、评分系统及威斯康星乳腺癌资源已公开;MIMIC-IV变体需单独通过PhysioNet获取。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Clinical AI models can expose patients to harm when adversarial vulnerabilities go undetected, yet formal security auditing requires statistical expertise, specialized tools, and significant time. We present an open evaluation task, built on METR Task Standard v0.3.0, that tests whether frontier AI agents can autonomously implement a structured clinical AI security audit. Given a pre-trained clinical prediction model, a patient dataset, and written instructions, each agent must implement four attacks from pseudocode, compute a Security Posture Score covering FGSM robustness, membership inference resistance, expected calibration error, and boundary attack resistance, and write a structured JSON report in a Docker container using only a bash interface and no scaffolding code. Six variants span the Wisconsin Diagnostic Breast Cancer and MIMIC-IV ICU mortality datasets across three model architectures with increasing defense strength, with reference scores from 55.60 to 90.41. We ran 54 evaluations across three frontier models, with three runs per variant. Claude Sonnet 4.6 and GPT-4.1 completed all 18 runs and received perfect evaluator scores. GPT-4o completed 61 percent of runs and used about five times the per-run token count of Claude, although provider tokenization differs. Total API costs were 8 US dollars for GPT-4.1, 12 US dollars for Claude Sonnet 4.6, and 27 US dollars for GPT-4o. GPT-4o failures involved premature session termination, an aggregation error, and an empty submission file. The task, scoring infrastructure, and Wisconsin Breast Cancer assets are publicly released; MIMIC-IV variants require separate PhysioNet access.
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