首个面向电动重卡的高保真自动驾驶规划基准,支持神经网络训练与闭环评估。
nuTruck: Benchmarking Autonomous Driving Planning for Distributed Electric-drive Trucks

- 构建包含非线性动力学模型的仿真环境,精确模拟电动重卡多轮独立驱动与动态载荷转移。
- 在nuPlan真实场景下评估多种规划器,发现传统方法在防翻车安全性上显著不足。
- 为电动重卡自动驾驶提供可量化安全指标的闭环评测标准,适合研究者与车企使用。
传统基于规则的自动驾驶方法正逐渐被学习型方法取代。尽管学习型规划器在乘用车上取得显著进展,其在重型卡车,尤其是现代分布式电驱动卡车(DETs)上的表现仍缺乏系统研究。为推动学习型规划器在DET上的应用,本文首次提出nuTruck高保真基准,支持大规模神经网络训练与闭环评估。针对DET复杂的动力学特性及高侧翻风险,我们引入高精度非线性卡车动力学模型,实现全轮独立驱动与转向,并捕捉加速、制动和转弯引起的动态载荷转移,从而在闭环仿真中量化评估侧翻风险。进一步地,我们适配了若干基于规则与学习的规划器作为基线,在nuPlan真实驾驶场景中开展大规模闭环测试,不仅评估常规无碰撞规划性能,还分析所生成轨迹的动力学安全性。nuTruck有望成为电动重卡自动驾驶规划器公平且真实的评估新标准。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The dominance of traditional rule-based methods in autonomous driving has gradually been replaced by learning-based approaches. While learning-based planners have achieved considerable success in passenger vehicles, their performance on heavy-duty trucks, particularly modern distributed electric-drive trucks (DETs), remains largely unexplored. To facilitate research and application of learning-based planners in DETs, this letter presents the first high-fidelity benchmark, called nuTruck, designed to support large-scale neural network training and closed-loop evaluation. Given the complex dynamics and high rollover susceptibility of DETs, we first incorporate a highly accurate nonlinear truck dynamical model into the simulation, which enables independent driving and steering of all wheels and captures dynamic load transfer caused by acceleration, deceleration, and cornering, thereby allowing quantitative assessment of rollover risk in closed-loop simulation. Second, we adapt several rule-based and learning-based planners as baselines for DETs and evaluate their performance in closed-loop simulation. Finally, using real-world driving scenarios from the nuPlan dataset, we conduct extensive closed-loop evaluations, analyzing not only conventional collision-free planning performance, but also the dynamical safety of the planned trajectories. The proposed nuTruck benchmark is expected to serve as a new standard for fair and realistic evaluation of autonomous driving planners on DETs.
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