arXiv:2607.14119cs.CL2026-07

多智能体大模型在任务分解中会压缩语义差异,影响决策准确性。

Semantic Register Compression in Multi-Agent LLM Cascades

  • 通过嵌入空间距离量化中间代理对语义区分度的压缩效应。
  • 情感分析压缩最严重(28.2%),政治事实核查次之(10.3%),医疗分诊较轻(9.1%)。
  • 批判性提示越极端,压缩越不规则,可信度导向提示反而扩大区分度。

多智能体大模型系统常将复杂任务分解为专业化角色,但这种模块化带来了表征风险:当中间代理在语言风格间转换文本时,会系统性压缩下游决策所需的语义区分度。我们称此现象为语义注册压缩,并将其作为多智能体级联中的可观察故障模式。使用三阶段管道(收集者-评估者-决策者),我们通过句子嵌入空间中的标签间分离度量化压缩程度。在政治事实核查(LIAR)、情感分析(SST-5)和医疗分诊(Triagegeist)三个任务中,关键评估阶段显著降低标签可分性,而身份传递则几乎完全保留。五种受控变体表明,几何变化取决于具体中间转换而非仅因额外级联阶段。追求可信度的变体反而扩大标签分离度,且输出趋向高可信内容,表明转换态度独立于压缩强度控制变化方向与符号。压缩在三个领域均具泛化性,强度因领域而异(10.3%、28.2%、9.1%)。20级提示梯度显示非单调压缩特征:平衡评价提示产生最强压缩,极端批判提示呈现不规则中等压缩。结果表明,语义注册压缩是可测量且普遍存在于多智能体大模型系统中的现象,对高风险领域的安全评估具有重要意义。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Multi-agent LLM systems commonly decompose complex tasks into specialized roles. However, this modularity introduces a representational risk: when intermediate agents transform text across linguistic registers, they can systematically compress the semantic distinctions needed for accurate downstream decisions. We term this phenomenon semantic register compression and characterize it as an observable failure mode in multi-agent cascades. Using a three-agent pipeline (Collector-Evaluator-Decider), we quantify compression via inter-label separation in sentence-transformer embedding space. Across political fact-checking (LIAR), sentiment analysis (SST-5), and medical triage (Triagegeist), critical evaluation reduces label separability at the Evaluator stage, while identity passthrough preserves it nearly fully. Five controlled variants show that geometric change depends on the specific intermediate transformation rather than on the mere presence of an additional cascade stage. A credibility-seeking variant expands rather than compresses inter-label separation, while shifting outputs toward mostly-true, demonstrating that transformation valence controls both the direction and the sign of geometric change independently of compression magnitude. Compression generalizes across the three domains with domain-dependent intensity (10.3% in fact-checking, 28.2% in sentiment, 9.1% in triage). A 20-level prompt gradient reveals a non-monotonic compression profile: balanced evaluative prompts produce the strongest compression, while extreme critical prompts show irregular moderate compression. These results demonstrate that semantic register compression is a measurable and generalizable phenomenon in multi-agent LLM systems, with implications for safety evaluation in high-stakes domains.

多智能体语义压缩大模型安全

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