将高斯过程扩展到复数波动场,实现脑部弹性成像的不确定性量化。
Operator-Informed Gaussian Processes for Complex Helmholtz Wavefields: From Synthetic Benchmarks to In Vivo Brain Elastography

- 通过实化复数算子构建耦合实块,兼容标准高斯过程推断。
- 在三维基准测试中以更少约束达到与神经网络相当精度,相关性达0.77。
- 适合需不确定性的生物医学波场反演,如活体脑弹性成像。
亥姆霍兹方程描述时谐波传播,在耗散介质中其波数平方κ²为复数。从稀疏噪声数据反演此类场需能量化自身不确定性的求解器。物理信息高斯过程回归通过返回解的后验分布满足此需求,但现有方法几乎仅限实值场。本文将算子信息高斯过程推广至复数亥姆霍兹问题,通过将复数算子实化为等效耦合实块,实现标准实值高斯过程条件推理。该框架支持多种先验,包括对角、共区域化及多尺度变体,并基于偏微分方程残差与边界迹进行条件。在一至三维基准问题上,该方法在远低于有限差分与神经网络基线的内部约束下表现相当。不同于确定性基线,其输出复波场的后验分布而非点估计。应用于活体脑磁共振弹性成像,多尺度先验重建剪切旋度场相关性达0.77,超过0.75目标。性能提升源于多尺度核而非虚实耦合。进一步发现低频精度受模型失配限制,且后验不确定性尚未校准。因此,校准不确定性成为耗散介质中概率波场反演的关键下一步。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The Helmholtz equation governs time-harmonic wave propagation, and in dissipative media a complex modulus renders its squared wavenumber $κ^2$ complex. Inferring such fields from sparse, noisy data calls for solvers that also quantify their own uncertainty. Physics-informed Gaussian-process (GP) regression supplies this by returning a posterior over the solution, yet operator-conditioned formulations have been developed almost exclusively for real-valued fields. We extend operator-informed GP regression to complex-valued Helmholtz problems by realifying the complex operator into an equivalent coupled real block, which enables inference with standard real-valued GP conditioning. The construction admits a family of priors, from a proper diagonal prior to coregionalized and multiscale variants, and conditions on PDE residuals and boundary traces. On benchmark problems in one to three dimensions, the solver is competitive with finite-difference and neural-network baselines at a far smaller interior-constraint budget. Unlike those deterministic baselines, it returns a posterior over the complex wavefield rather than a point estimate. Applied to \textit{in vivo} brain magnetic resonance elastography, a proper multiscale prior reconstructs the shear curl field to a correlation of $0.77$ with measurement, above a $0.75$ target. The gain arises from the multiscale kernel rather than from real--imaginary coupling. We further identify a low-frequency accuracy ceiling set by model mismatch and a posterior uncertainty that is not yet calibrated. Calibrated uncertainty therefore emerges as the central next step for probabilistic wavefield inference in dissipative media.
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