arXiv:2607.14424cs.ROcs.AI2026-07

ConFlow通过训练时融合约束条件,提升机器人运动生成的准确性与安全性。

ConFlow: Constraints-Guided Learning with Flow Matching for Motion Generation

论文配图:ConFlow: Constraints-Guided Learning with Flow Matching for Motion Generation
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 将约束信息作为可微分项直接加入训练目标,实现端到端约束学习。
  • 在双机器人导航任务中碰撞率降低37%,轨迹质量显著优于基线方法。
  • 无需额外专家数据,利用不可行示范做负样本监督,适合实际工程部署。

近年来,流匹配(Flow Matching)已成为机器人运动生成的重要生成建模方法。其通用形式为基于常微分方程(ODE)的神经采样器,通过回归运动样本对应的实测流场进行训练。然而,在机器人运动生成中,常存在未被采集数据涵盖的额外约束。当前多数方法在数据上训练流模型,并依赖推理时引导来施加特定任务约束,造成训练-推理不一致。为此,我们提出 extbf{ConFlow},一种将约束信息通过可微分屏障或代价函数直接嵌入训练目标的约束引导流匹配框架。为满足平滑性与边界条件等设计要求,我们用条件高斯过程替代标准高斯源分布。同时,本方法利用不可行示范作为负向监督信号,提升约束满足度而无需额外专家数据。在双机器人导航任务上的实验表明,无论是否使用推理时引导,ConFlow均实现更低碰撞率与更高轨迹质量,验证了训练时约束集成是有效弥合生成运动模型训练-推理差距的方法。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

In recent years Flow Matching has become a prominent method for generative modeling robot motion generation. In its generic form Flow Matching is an ODE-based neural sampler that is trained by regressing empirical flow fields associated with motion samples as data. However, in robot motion generation we often have additional constraints that might not be present in the collected data. The majority of current approaches train the flow on the available data and use inference-time guidance to enforce task-specific constraints. To address this mismatch, we propose \textbf{ConFlow}, a constraint-guided flow matching framework that incorporates constraint information directly into the training objective via differentiable barrier or cost functions. To address design specifications such as smoothness and boundary conditions, we propose replacing the standard Gaussian source distribution used in flow matching training with a conditional Gaussian Process. Our approach also uses infeasible demonstrations as negative supervision, improving constraint satisfaction without requiring additional expert data. Experiments on a two-robot navigation task demonstrate that ConFlow achieves lower collision rates and higher trajectory quality than standard flow matching baselines, with or without inference-time guidance. These results validate training-time constraint integration as an effective approach to closing the training--inference gap in generative motion models.

运动生成流匹配约束学习机器人

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