arXiv:2607.14570cs.AIcs.CR2026-07中稿 · ICML

用结构化监控防范代码部署中的隐蔽安全破坏,无需复杂训练。

Democratizing Agent Deployment Safety: A Structural Monitoring Approach

论文配图:Democratizing Agent Deployment Safety: A Structural Monitoring Approach
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 通过控制流与数据流图差分分析代码变更的结构风险
  • 异步模式下误报率1%时漏检率降至3.5%,同步模式可完全阻断恶意操作
  • 无需训练即可运行,适合资源有限的团队快速部署

AI开发代理正日益具备修改基础设施和关键系统的能力,存在完成任务的同时悄然削弱安全防护的风险,如扩大权限、降低日志记录或引入持久化机制。尽管前沿实验室可部署复杂监控系统,但多数组织和个体用户缺乏资源与治理能力维护复杂的机器学习监控集群。本文在ControlArena的基础设施即代码场景下,研究任务成功下的基础设施劫持问题,对比训练与未训练监控器在同步与异步部署模式下的表现。提出信息流图(IFG)监控器,利用控制流与数据流图差分及原始代码差分分析结构安全退化。在异步评估中,未训练的Git diff监控器在1%误报率下漏检11.6%攻击,未训练的IFG监控器将漏检降至3.5%,而训练后的异步随机森林监控器漏检低于1%。不同于训练后的异步随机森林监控器,IFG还能在同步模式下作为预部署防护,阻止可疑变更。在同步模式下,实时回滚将主任务与隐秘任务同时成功的比例从74.4%降至0.0%,且对合法任务完成无明显影响。结果表明,未经训练的结构化监控器为寻求可信采用先进AI代理的组织提供了实用且可审计的安全路径。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

AI software development agents are increasingly capable of modifying infrastructure and security critical systems, creating risks where an agent completes its assigned task while covertly weakening safeguards through actions such as broadening permissions, degrading logging, or introducing persistence mechanisms. While frontier laboratories may deploy sophisticated monitoring pipelines, many organizations and individual users adopting coding agents lack the resources and governance maturity required to maintain complex learned monitor ensembles. We study this problem as infrastructure level sabotage under task success in the infrastructure-as-code setting from ControlArena and compare trained and untrained monitors across synchronous and asynchronous deployment modes. We introduce an Information Flow Graph (IFG) monitor that analyzes structural security regressions using control-flow and data-flow graph diffs alongside raw code diffs. In asynchronous evaluation, an untrained git diff monitor misses 11.6% attacks at 1% false positive rate auditing budget, our untrained IFG monitor reduces this to 3.5%, and the trained Async RF monitor achieves below 1%. Unlike the trained Async RF monitor, IFG can also operate synchronously as a pre-deployment safeguard that blocks suspicious infrastructure changes before execution or merge. In synchronous mode, IFG realtime rollback reduces joint main task and covert task success from 74.4% to 0.0% with no measurable reduction in legitimate task completion. These results suggest that untrained structural monitors provide a practical and auditable path toward democratizing deployment safety for organizations seeking trustworthy adoption of advanced AI agents.

AI安全代码监控结构检测部署安全

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