arXiv:2607.14579cs.HCcs.CV2026-07中稿 · IEEE VIS 2026, to …

让盲人可用的数据可视化设计有了可视化编辑工具,提升无障碍体验质量。

Skeleton: Visual Authoring of Non-visual Data Experiences

论文配图:Skeleton: Visual Authoring of Non-visual Data Experiences
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 通过交互式节点图和数据维度接口,把不可见的导航结构可视化。
  • 实测8名从业者使用后,设计思路从合规转向主动优化无障碍体验。
  • 适合关注无障碍设计、交互系统与可访问性研究的开发者与设计师。

视障人士在制作可访问的数据可视化时,必须在代码中构建导航结构(如节点、边和输入绑定),但缺乏视觉反馈,难以判断导航优劣,导致无障碍体验质量受限。本文通过与地图学、设计系统及开源可视化领域的实践者开展长期协同设计,提出三项贡献:第一,引入一个渲染导航图为交互式节点链接图的Inspector工具,以及基于数据维度而非显式图结构表达导航的Dimensions API;第二,提出Skeleton——一种直接操纵的创作环境,将可访问导航结构属性转化为作者可观察和操作的视觉表示,关键技术包括双视图编辑器(同时显示导航模型与用户空间体验)、重构可视化渲染管道实现空间节点自动布局的支架引擎、支持实时屏幕阅读器预览的标签模板编辑器,以及可追踪遍历路径的测试模式;第三,通过在可视化设计、工程和研究领域对8位实践者进行现场研究评估,发现使导航结构可见后,从业者重新审视自身可视化架构,关注更多输入方式,并将无障碍设计从合规任务转变为真正的设计问题。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

When sighted practitioners author accessible data visualizations, they build navigation structures (the nodes, edges, and input bindings that govern how assistive technologies traverse an interface) entirely in code, with no visual representation. Without a representation to react to, practitioners cannot develop judgment about what makes navigation good or bad, and the quality ceiling of non-visual experiences is set by the absence of a feedback loop. We address this problem through longitudinal co-design with practitioners across cartography, design systems, and open-source visualization, and make three contributions. First, we introduce an Inspector that renders navigation graphs as interactive node-link diagrams, and a Dimensions API that expresses navigation in terms of data dimensions rather than explicit graph construction. Second we present Skeleton, a direct-manipulation authoring environment in which the properties of an accessible navigation structure are translated into visual representations authors can observe and manipulate. Key techniques include a dual-view editor that simultaneously shows the system's navigation model and the end user's spatial experience, a scaffolding engine that automates spatial node placement by repurposing a visualization rendering pipeline, a live label-template editor with real-time screen-reader-output preview, and a testing mode that makes traversal sequence visually trackable. Third, we evaluate Skeleton through an in-situ study with 8 practitioners across visualization design, engineering, and research. Making navigation structure visible changed how practitioners engaged with accessible design: they reconsidered the architecture of their own visualizations, attended to a broader range of input modalities, and shifted from treating accessibility as a compliance task to treating it as a design problem. (abstract shortened for arxiv)

无障碍设计可视化编辑交互系统

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