民众更看重AI安全而非创新，支持国际协同监管。
Governing Artificial Intelligence: Public Preferences and Regulatory Options
- 通过七国联合调查实验，分析公众对AI治理的偏好
- 超半数民众倾向安全优先，尤其高风险感知者
- 民众偏好公共治理与跨国协作，与主流政策相悖
人工智能正迅速重塑经济、社会与政治格局，引发关于如何监管的根本性问题。决策者需在创新与安全、公众监督与企业自律、国家与国际治理之间做出选择，但公众如何权衡这些取舍仍不明确。本文基于七个国家（政治经济背景各异）的联合合意调查实验，发现公众普遍支持对人工智能进行监管，且普遍将安全置于创新之上，更倾向公共治理而非企业自律，支持国际协作而非单一国家管控。对AI风险感知越强的人群，越强调安全优先。研究揭示了当前主流监管模式与公众意愿之间的系统性错配。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming economies, societies, and polities, raising fundamental questions about how it should be regulated. Policymakers face choices over whether to prioritize innovation or safety, rely on public oversight or private self-regulation, and govern nationally or internationally. Yet little is known about how citizens evaluate these competing priorities. Here we report a conjoint survey experiment conducted in seven countries with diverse political and economic profiles. We find that citizens strongly support regulating AI and generally prioritize safety over innovation, public governance over private self-regulation, and international over national approaches. The preference for safety is strongest among those who perceive AI as risky, unpredictable, and personally consequential. These findings reveal a systematic misalignment between dominant regulatory approaches and citizen preferences.
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