通过预测操作员意图,实现手部驱动的机器人提前响应,降低操作负担。
AHEAD: Anticipatory Hand-Driven Teleoperation via Human Intent Prediction

- 基于手眼动作与场景上下文,用注意力模型预测抓取物和放置位
- 抓取物与放置位预测准确率均为76%,反应延迟减少0.6~1.4秒
- 适合重复性搬运任务,减轻操作员疲劳,提升响应速度
直接手部驱动遥操作在每帧将操作者手部动作映射为机械臂末端指令,虽能实现精准控制,但需持续监控与修正,耗时且易疲劳。针对重复性拾取-放置任务,监督式(目标驱动)遥操作通过设定目标点由机器人自主规划执行,但存在延迟,需等待下一指令才可行动。如何在降低操作负担的同时减少机器人反应时间?为此,本文提出AHEAD,一种基于虚拟现实的实时遥操作系统,通过预测操作员意图实现主动手控。在数字孪生环境中,操作者通过自然手部动作传达高层指令而非连续轨迹。AHEAD利用短时3D手部与头部信号及场景上下文,通过注意力分类器预测目标抓取物与放置槽。状态机将意图预测转为稳定机器人目标,支持早期运动并抵抗噪声预测与纠正动作。实验显示,其意图预测模块在抓取物与目标槽上的Top1准确率均为76%。用户研究表明,相比基线,AHEAD将机器人反应延迟降低0.6秒(抓取物)与1.4秒(放置槽),操作员负荷显著下降,体现快速响应与低操作代价的平衡。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Direct hand-driven teleoperation maps an operator's hand motion to robot end-effector commands at every frame, enabling precise control, but it requires constant monitoring and correction during approach, grasp, and placement, which can be slow and fatiguing. For repetitive pick-and-place tasks, supervisory (goal-based) teleoperation simplifies this process: the operator specifies goals/waypoints, and the robot executes the motion using planning algorithms. Yet, this introduces latency, as the robot must wait for the next command before it can plan and act. "How can we reduce robot reaction time while lowering operator workload?" To tackle this question, we present AHEAD, a real-time VR teleoperation system that anticipates operator intent to enable proactive, hand-driven control. In a digital twin, the operator performs pick-and-place naturally, using hand motion to convey high-level commands rather than a continuous robot trajectory. AHEAD processes a short window of 3D hand and head signals together with scene context through an attention-based classifier to predict the intended grasp object and placement slot. A state machine converts intent predictions into stable robot goals, enabling early motion while remaining stable under noisy predictions and corrective hand movements. AHEAD's intent prediction module achieves Top1 accuracy: 76% for grasp objects and 76% for target slots. Moreover, our user study shows AHEAD reduces robot reaction latency by 0.6 s (object) and 1.4 s (slot) relative to baselines. Participants also reported lower operator load, indicating faster robot responses while maintaining low operator effort in practice.
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