arXiv:2607.15283cs.IR2026-07

根据问题类型动态调整检索策略,提升生物医学问答准确率。

Adaptive Retrieval Strategies for Biomedical Question Answering

论文配图:Adaptive Retrieval Strategies for Biomedical Question Answering
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 按问题类型选择不同检索与聚合策略
  • 在BioASQ上多类问题准确率均提升
  • 适合需要精准证据的医疗问答场景

生物医学问答涵盖多种问题类型,包括是非题、事实题、列表题和摘要题,每种类型需不同形式的证据和推理。然而,多数检索增强型问答系统采用统一检索流程,忽视了不同问题的信息需求差异,可能限制证据获取与答案生成效果。本文提出一种自适应检索框架,根据问题类型选择相应的检索与证据聚合策略。系统融合查询理解、生物医学文档检索、重排序、知识图谱增强、文档聚类及大语言模型答案生成。对于是非题,聚焦精确证据检索;事实题和列表题强调实体导向检索与聚类;摘要题则进行广泛证据收集与整合。在BioASQ基准上的评估表明,自适应检索策略显著提升了多类问题的证据相关性与答案质量。结果表明,将检索机制与问题特定信息需求对齐,是提升检索增强型生物医学问答系统的有效方向。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Biomedical question answering (QA) encompasses diverse question types, including yes/no, factoid, list, and summary questions, each requiring distinct forms of evidence and reasoning. However, most retrieval-augmented QA systems rely on a unified retrieval pipeline, regardless of the information needs of different question categories. This one-size-fits-all approach may limit the effectiveness of evidence acquisition and downstream answer generation. In this work, we propose an adaptive retrieval framework that selects retrieval and evidence aggregation strategies according to question type. The system combines query understanding, biomedical document retrieval, reranking, knowledge graph augmentation, document clustering, and large language model-based answer generation. For yes/no questions, it focuses on precise evidence retrieval; for factoid and list questions, it emphasizes entity-oriented retrieval and clustering; and for summary questions, it performs broader evidence collection and synthesis. We evaluate the proposed framework on the BioASQ benchmark and demonstrate that adaptive retrieval strategies improve evidence relevance and answer quality across multiple question types. Our results suggest that aligning retrieval mechanisms with question-specific information needs provides an effective direction for enhancing retrieval-augmented biomedical QA systems.

生物医学问答自适应检索知识图谱

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