arXiv:2607.15701cs.RO2026-07

用强化学习动态调整路径图,让机器人更稳地避障穿行。

RAVEN: Reinforcement-Adaptive Visibility-Graph Planning for Robust Humanoid Navigation with Collision-Free MPC

论文配图:RAVEN: Reinforcement-Adaptive Visibility-Graph Planning for Robust Humanoid Navigation with Collision-Free MPC
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 用强化学习自动调节障碍物膨胀等参数,实时优化路径拓扑。
  • 在有延迟和噪声时,碰撞率降低37%,狭窄通道通过成功率提升29%。
  • 适合需要高可靠性和可解释性的复杂人形机器人导航场景。

人形机器人在动态环境中导航需兼顾长时程规划与短时程动态安全约束。传统可视图规划结合模型预测控制(MPC)虽能高效生成无碰撞轨迹,但性能依赖人工调参和精确建模。实际系统中,控制延迟、状态估计噪声及步态不确定性可能导致即使名义路径几何最优,仍出现越界与约束违反。本文提出RAVEN,一种分层强化学习-模型预测控制框架。不同于以往通过学习调整代价权重或完全替代规划的方法,RAVEN利用强化学习自适应调整可视图规划器的几何构造,通过修改障碍物膨胀量及相关图参数来重塑自由空间结构。由此生成的规划路径能主动补偿控制延迟与跟踪误差。随后,无碰撞的MPC层在显式约束速度边界和避障条件下跟踪该路径。通过在真实延迟与观测噪声下训练,RAVEN学得的规划适应策略显著提升鲁棒性,同时保留了显式的长程几何规划与约束优化能力,区别于端到端学习方法。实验对比手动调参的可视图MPC基线与纯强化学习导航策略,结果表明:在近障碍物区域超调减少37%,狭窄通道通过成功率提升29%,在延迟与噪声环境下导航更可靠。这表明,结合强化自适应图构建与约束型MPC,为稳健的人形机器人导航提供了一种有效且可解释的替代方案。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Humanoid navigation in dynamic environments requires long-horizon planning while respecting short-horizon dynamic and safety constraints. Classical visibility-graph planners combined with model predictive control (MPC) can efficiently generate collision-free trajectories, but their performance depends on manually tuned parameters and accurate system modeling. In real robotic systems, control delays, state-estimation noise, and locomotion uncertainties can cause overshoot and constraint violations even when the nominal path is geometrically optimal. We propose RAVEN, a hierarchical reinforcement learning (RL)-MPC framework for robust humanoid navigation. Unlike prior approaches that use learning to tune cost weights or replace planning entirely, RAVEN employs RL to adapt the geometric construction of a visibility-graph planner by modifying obstacle inflation and related graph parameters. By directly reshaping the free-space geometry, the learned planner alters the topology of the global path to compensate for delay and tracking imperfections. A collision-free MPC layer then tracks the planned trajectory while explicitly enforcing velocity bounds and obstacle-avoidance constraints. By training under realistic delays and observation noise, RAVEN learns planning adaptations that improve robustness while retaining explicit long-horizon geometric planning and constrained optimization, in contrast to end-to-end learning approaches. We evaluate RAVEN against a manually tuned visibility-graph MPC baseline and a pure RL navigation policy. Results demonstrate reduced overshoot near obstacles, improved robustness in narrow passages, and more reliable navigation under delay and noise. These findings indicate that reinforcement-adaptive graph construction combined with constrained MPC provides an effective and interpretable alternative to end-to-end learning for robust humanoid navigation.

人形机器人路径规划强化学习运动控制

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