自动校准+智能融合,让工业机器人用UWB定位更省力、更准。
Deployment-Ready UWB Localization for Industrial Ground Robots with Automatic Anchor Calibration and Terrain-Aware Fusion

- 自动校准锚点位置和测距偏差,免去人工繁琐标定。
- 在仓库与室外场景中定位误差小,一致性优于旧方法。
- 适合已有定位先验的工业移动机器人,部署门槛低。
超宽带(UWB)测距因精度提升和成本降低,已成为工业自主移动机器人(AMR)定位的可行方案。然而实际部署受限于两大挑战:静态锚点校准耗时且易出错,以及将UWB与机载传感器融合需精心设计以保证姿态估计鲁棒性。本文提出端到端流程,结合自动锚点校准与面向地面车辆运动特性的通用多传感器估计算法,适用于具备机器人位姿先验的现有AMR系统。校准阶段估计锚点位置与测距偏置;定位阶段在偏置感知的扩展卡尔曼滤波器中融合UWB与本体感知数据,提升一致性且无需大量参数调优。在商用物流AMR的仓库环境中实验表明,该方法在室内及室内外过渡场景中实现高精度定位,性能优于早期估计算法。独立叉车数据集评估进一步验证其跨平台可迁移性。即使在视距受限、锚点稀疏条件下仍有效。结果表明,该方法可大幅减少人工投入,同时保持工业级定位精度。所收集的仓库数据集已公开。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Ultra-Wideband (UWB) ranging has become a viable option for industrial Autonomous Mobile Robot (AMR) localization due to improved accuracy and low cost. However, real-world deployments remain limited by two recurring challenges: calibrating static anchors can be time-consuming and error-prone, and integrating UWB with existing onboard sensors requires careful design to ensure robust and consistent pose estimation. Addressing these challenges, this paper presents an end-to-end pipeline that combines automatic anchor calibration with a generic multi-sensor estimator tailored to surface-bound vehicle motion. It targets existing AMR stacks in scenarios where robot pose priors are available for initialization. The calibration stage estimates anchor positions and range biases, while the localization stage fuses UWB with proprioceptive sensing in a bias-aware Extended Kalman Filter to improve consistency without extensive parameter tuning. Experiments on a commercial logistics AMR in a warehouse setting demonstrate accurate positioning indoors and across outdoor transitions, with improved consistency compared to an earlier estimator formulation. Evaluation on an independent forklift dataset further indicates transferability to other platforms. The method remains effective in test cases with limited line-of-sight and sparse anchor coverage. These results show that UWB localization can be deployed with substantially reduced manual effort while preserving the accuracy required for industrial AMRs. The collected warehouse dataset is made publicly available.
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