提出60倍提速的单阶段红外小目标解混方法,无需传统迭代网络。
Beyond Unfolding: 60x Faster One-Stage Unmixing for Closely-Spaced Infrared Small Targets

- 单阶段轻量设计,通过粗到精流实现快速定位
- 引入通量守恒约束,补偿稀疏正则导致的目标能量衰减
- 首次实现无深度展开框架下的高效解混,适合实时系统
由于光学衍射极限和远距离成像,紧密排列的红外小目标(CSIST)常发生能量重叠,表现为不可分辨的斑块。传统检测的一一对应假设失效,需转向解混以还原离散子目标。现有主流深度展开网络(DUN)因重复迭代结构存在高延迟和结构僵化问题。本文提出单阶段轻量级解混方案FOCUS,首次证明深度展开非必需。基于图像超分辨率与解混具有同构退化模型的观察,通过转换标签空间、损失函数和评估指标实现范式迁移。FOCUS采用单次前向传播,内部含粗到精流,逐步提升亚像素定位精度;结合稀疏正则抑制背景杂波,同时引入通量守恒作为竞争约束,恢复目标中心信号能量。实验表明,该方法在定位与解混精度上达到或超越当前最先进展开方法,推理速度提升60倍。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Due to the optical diffraction limit and long imaging distances, Closely-Spaced Infrared Small Targets (CSIST) typically exhibit energy overlap, manifesting as indistinguishable blobs in infrared images. This ambiguity invalidates the one-to-one mapping assumption of traditional detection, thereby necessitating a paradigm shift towards CSIST Unmixing, which decomposes these blobs into discrete sub-targets. However, the dominant paradigm deep unfolding networks are shackled by the high latency and structural inflexibility intrinsic to their repetitively iterative architecture. To this end, we propose the Fast One-stage CSIST Unmixing Scheme (FOCUS), a one-stage lightweight paradigm which demonstrates that deep unfolding is not necessary. Motivated by the key observation that image super-resolution (SR) and CSIST Unmixing share an isomorphic degradation model, our insight is that it is possible to achieve a paradigm shift from image SR to CSIST Unmixing via completely transforming the label space, loss functions, and evaluation criteria. Specifically, to avoid entangling geometric recovery with artifact suppression, FOCUS adopts a single pass mapping with an internal coarse-to-fine flow that progressively refines target localization from coarse spatial distributions to finer sub-pixel precision. While sparsity regularization suppresses background clutter, it also attenuates target intensities. To compensate for this attenuation of valid signals, flux conservation is introduced as a competing constraint that restores signal energy back to target centers. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first attempt to address this task via a lightweight one-stage framework without the DUN paradigm. Experiments demonstrate that our method matches or surpasses the state-of-the-art unfolding approaches in both localization and unmixing accuracy, while boosting the inference speed by 60x.
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