让多智能体在不共享代码的前提下,学会可复用的协作逻辑。
RELIC: Revealed Principles for Learning Interpretable Composable Skills in Multi-Agent Planning

- 通过提炼决策逻辑为简洁文本原则,实现技能抽象与复用。
- 在多种任务中表现优于独立与联合搜索方法,提升团队性能。
- 适合异构角色或共享角色团队,支持跨系统知识迁移。
当智能体需在保持自身执行代码私密性的前提下提升专业决策能力时,多智能体规划变得极为复杂。这种情况常见于各自开发的智能体具有异构接口、观测和能力,却需在共同目标下协作。现有方法通常依赖集中优化、共享策略或通用技能表示,但这些假设在函数签名不同时限制了知识复用。我们提出RELIC框架,通过揭示原则来学习可解释且可组合的程序化技能。每个智能体本地优化自身可执行技能,同时将有用决策逻辑与协调模式提炼为紧凑的文本原则。无需直接交换程序代码,这些抽象可在不同接口下重新实例化,并在不兼容的实现空间中复用。共享的原则记忆库积累可迁移知识,促进反复提升团队性能的抽象。这种分离机制使一智能体的发现能指导其他智能体,同时保留本地可执行性与去中心化执行。因此,RELIC支持异构角色与共享角色协作团队间的战略知识转移。大量实验在路由、调度、组合优化与分布式协调场景中验证了其有效性,相较独立与联合基于LLM的搜索方法均表现出色,且在不同任务结构与LLM模型上保持一致优势。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Multi-agent planning becomes substantially harder when agents must improve specialized decision-making skills while keeping their executable implementations private. This setting arises when independently developed agents expose heterogeneous interfaces, observations, and capabilities, yet must coordinate under a shared team objective. Existing approaches commonly rely on centralized optimization, shared policy access, or common skill representations, assumptions that limit knowledge reuse when function signatures differ. We introduce RELIC, a framework for learning interpretable and composable programmatic skills through revealed principles. Each agent improves its own executable skill locally, while useful decision logic and coordination patterns are distilled into compact textual principles. Rather than requiring direct program exchange, these abstractions can be re-instantiated under agent-specific interfaces and reused across incompatible implementation spaces. A shared principle memory accumulates transferable knowledge and promotes abstractions that repeatedly improve team-level performance. This separation allows discoveries made by one agent to guide others while preserving local executable implementations and decentralized execution. RELIC therefore supports strategic transfer across both heterogeneous-role and shared-role cooperative teams. Extensive experiments across routing, scheduling, combinatorial optimization, and distributed coordination settings demonstrate RELIC's effectiveness against independent and joint LLM-based search methods, together with consistent benefits across task structures and LLM backbones.
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