arXiv:2607.17019cs.LG2026-07

通过训练时调节键值缓存几何,提升量化效果

Regularize or Localize: When Training-Time KV-Cache Geometry Pays Under Quantization

  • 在训练中直接正则化键值缓存,降低其方向性
  • 3比特每通道量化下,基线模型损失是正则化模型的4.3至7.9倍
  • 粗粒度量化时优势明显,细粒度配置下差距消失

我们研究了LeJEPA的反坍缩目标( \sigreg)是否能在标准自回归语言模型预训练中重塑表示,并在量化时改善键值缓存(\kv cache)性能。在100亿条FineWeb数据上训练1.1亿参数模型,得出三个发现:(1)当λ=0.01时, \sigreg使隐藏层间余弦方向性降低38%,困惑度增加不足0.35%,零样本损失无一致变化;(2)该效果不传递至键值缓存;但直接对K/V施加正则化,可使缓存方向性降低94%;未使用 cache正则项的对照实验及冻结主干微调均无法复现此效果;(3)在未经变换的对称分组自由量化下,仅直接正则化能偏好每通道缩放,在3比特每通道方案中,基线模型的 \dnll为正则化模型的4.3至7.9倍;但在完整模拟的KIVI风格配置(混合排列、零点、分组缩放)下,所有模型表现接近,包括存储开销匹配时。在1.1亿参数规模下,训练干预在量化尺度粗时有效,但在测试的细粒度组合下优势消失。这是首个针对后处理缓存量化评估训练时分布正则化的研究。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

We study whether \sigreg -- LeJEPA's anti-collapse objective -- can reshape representations during standard autoregressive language-model pretraining, and when the resulting geometry helps \kv-cache quantization. We train 110M-parameter models on 10B FineWeb tokens and report three findings. \textbf{(1)} At $λ{=}0.01$, \sigreg reduces hidden-state pairwise-cosine anisotropy by $38\%$ across three paired seeds. Perplexity increases by less than $0.35\%$ in every pair, with no consistent zero-shot loss. \textbf{(2)} This change does not propagate from hidden states to the \kv cache. Applying \sigreg directly to K and V during continued training, however, reduces mean cache anisotropy by $94\%$ across four checkpoints. A matched continuation without the \kv term leaves cache geometry nearly unchanged, and the frozen-trunk retrofits we tested do not reproduce the effect. \textbf{(3)} Under untransformed symmetric group-free quantization, direct \kv regularization is the only training condition that prefers per-channel scaling in all three seeds, and under that same 3-bit per-channel scheme the baseline incurs $4.3$--$7.9\times$ the directly regularized model's \dnll. Under the full simulated KIVI-style configuration (mixed arrangement, zero-points, grouped scales), however, all models reach near-parity, including when storage overhead is approximately matched. In this 110M regime, the training intervention helps when quantizer scales are coarse; the advantage vanishes under the tested combination of token-local grouping, mixed \kv scaling, and zero-points. To our knowledge this is the first training-time \emph{distributional} regularization of standard \kv-cache geometry evaluated against post-hoc cache quantization.

量化键值缓存训练优化语言模型

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